Résumés
Abstract
Although scholars had been interested in translators’ agency since the 1990s, Andrew Chesterman introduced new terminology when he proposed an “agent model” for “Translator Studies” in 2009. While subsequent studies have shed light on the agency of literary translators, specialized translators have remained in the shadows, including in minority translation studies. This article is a case study of Uya Pawan, a specialized translator who translates ethnobotanical descriptions between Chinese, the majority language of Taiwan, and Sediq, a critically endangered Indigenous minority language spoken in central Formosa. In settler states around the world, in a race against time, heroic minority-language translators like Uya are translating specialized texts to develop ancestral tongues. As a hero of language development through specialized translation, Uya is an agent par excellence. But an agent model for translator studies must be complemented by a structural interpretation of why, what, and how a translator is translating, and with what effect. While Reine Meylaerts conducted such an analysis within a neo-Bourdieusian framework, this article adopts the framework of Anthony Giddens, whose structuration theory better accommodates a heroic view of linguistic history. There are different ways of being a linguistic hero; Uya’s leads not to purism, but rather, surprisingly, to compromise with the majority language.
Keywords:
- translator studies,
- specialized translation,
- Indigenous minority,
- language development,
- Taiwan
Résumé
Bien que les chercheurs s’intéressent à l’agentivité des traducteurs depuis les années 1990, Andrew Chesterman a apporté une contribution terminologique en proposant un « modèle centré sur l’agent » pour les « translator studies » en 2009. L’agentivité des traducteurs littéraires a été mise en lumière, tandis que les traducteurs spécialisés sont restés dans l’ombre, notamment dans les études de traduction minoritaire. Cet article étudie le cas de Uya Pawan, un traducteur spécialisé qui traduit des descriptions ethnobotaniques entre le chinois, langue majoritaire à Taïwan, et le sediq, une langue minoritaire autochtone en danger critique d’extinction parlée dans le centre de Formose. Dans les états coloniaux du monde entier, engagés dans une course contre la montre, des traducteurs héroïques de langues minoritaires comme Uya traduisent des textes spécialisés pour développer leurs langues. Héros du développement linguistique par la traduction spécialisée, Uya est un agent par excellence. Cependant, un modèle traductologique axé sur l’agent doit aussi comprendre une interprétation structurelle du pourquoi, du quoi et du comment un traducteur traduit, et avec quel effet. Reine Meylaerts a mené une telle interprétation dans un cadre néo-bourdieusien, tandis que cet article adopte celui d’Anthony Giddens, dont la théorie de la structuration s’adapte mieux à une vision héroïque de l’histoire linguistique. Il existe différentes manières d’être un héros; celle d’Uya ne conduit pas au purisme linguistique, mais plutôt, étonnamment, à un engagement envers la langue majoritaire.
Mots-clés :
- études sur les traducteurs,
- traduction spécialisée,
- minorité autochtone,
- développement linguistique,
- Taïwan
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Alberts, Mariëtta (1997). “Legal Terminology in African Languages.” Lexicos, 7, pp. 179-191.
- Berman, Antoine (2009 [1995]). Toward a Translation Criticism: John Donne. Trans. Francoise Massardier-Kenney. Kent, Kent State University Press.
- Branchadell, Albert and Lowell Margaret West, eds. (2005). Less Translated Languages. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing.
- Chen, Janet Y. (2012). The Sounds of Mandarin: Learning to Speak a National Language in China and Taiwan, 1913-1960. New York, Columbia University Press.
- Chesterman, Andrew (2009). “The Name and Nature of Translator Studies.” HERMES: Journal of Language and Communication in Business, 22, 42, pp. 13-22.
- Chien, Yuehchen and Shinji Sanada (2010). “Yilan Creole in Taiwan.” Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages, 25, 2, pp. 350-357.
- Cronin, Michael A. (2003). Translation and Globalization. New York and London, Routledge.
- Dlodlo, Tembla S. (2022). “Translating Scientific Terms Across European and African Languages: Physics in Nguni II.” WINHEC: International Journal of Indigenous Education Scholarship, 16, 1, pp. 91-112.
- Dorian, Nancy C. (1994). “Purism vs. Compromise in Language Revitalization and Language Revival.” Language in Society, 23, 4, pp. 479-494.
- Dupré, Jean-François (2019). “Taiwan’s Indigenous Languages Development Act: Democratic Politics, Transitional Justice and the Quest for Diplomatic Recognition.” Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 40, 8, pp. 652-664. Available at: 10.1080/01434632.2018.1543690 [consulted 7 August 2025].
- Folaron, Debbie (2015). “Introduction: Translation and Minority, Lesser-Used and Lesser-Translated Languages and Cultures.” JoSTrans : The Journal of Specialised Translation, 24, pp. 16-27.
- Giddens, Anthony (1984). The Constitution of Society: Outline of the Theory of Structuration. Cambridge, Polity Press.
- Gruda, Szymon et al. (2023). “Lexical Creativity in Modern Nahuatl: An Analysis of Multidialectal Data.” Lingua, 285, pp. 1-26.
- Hung, Liang-chuan [洪良全 (Uya Pawan)] (2023). “A Study on Toda Communities’ Plants of Sediq People.” Master’s thesis, Providence University. Unpublished. Available at: https://hdl.handle.net/11296/c85g59 [consulted 7 August 2025].
- Iso-Ahola, Riikka (2017). “Literary Translators as Revitalisers of an Endangered Language.” trans-kom: Zeitschrift für Translationswissenschaft und Fachkommunikation, 10, 2, pp. 164-187.
- Kaindl, Klaus et al., eds. (2021). Literary Translator Studies. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing.
- Kasprzak, Wojciech (2011). Translating Nature Terminology. Newcastle upon Tyne, Cambridge Scholars.
- Kinnunen, Tuija and Kaisa Koskinen, eds. (2010). Translators’ Agency. Tampere, Tampere University Press.
- Koskinen, Kaisa and Päivi Kuusi (2017). “Translator Training for Language Activists: Agency and Empowerment of Minority Language Translators.” trans-kom: Zeitschrift für Translationswissenschaft und Fachkommunikation, 10, 2, pp. 188-213.
- Kuusi, Päivi et al. (2022). “Translating into an Endangered Language: Filling in Lexical Gaps as Language Making.” International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 274, pp. 133-160.
- Meylaerts, Reine (2013). “The Multiple Lives of Translators.” TTR, 26, 2, pp. 103-128.
- Ministry of Justice (2017). Indigenous Languages Development Act. Available at: https://law.moj.gov.tw/ENG/LawClass/LawAll.aspx?pcode=D0130037 [consulted 7 August 2025].
- Myers-Scotton, Carol (1992). “Codeswitching as a Mechanism of Deep Borrowing, Language Shift, and Language Death.” In Matthias Brenzinger, ed. Language Death: Factual and Theoretical Explorations with Special Reference to East Africa. Berlin, De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 31-58.
- Pering, Iwan et al. (2017). 賽德克族(Tgdaya/Truku/Toda)民族植物 [Seediq/Seejiq/Sediq (Tgdaya/Truku/Toda dialects) Ethnic Plants]. Nantou, Nantou County Government.
- Ogawa, Naoyoshi and Erin Asai (1935). Gengo ni yoru Taiwan Takasago-zoku densutsu-shū, VII [The Myths and Traditions of the Formosan Native Tribes, VII]. Taihoku [Taipei], Teikoku Daigaku Gengo-gaku Kenkyu-shitsu.
- Pasch, Timothy (2015). “Towards the Enhancement of Arctic Digital Industries: ‘Translating’ Cultural Content to New Media Platforms.” The Journal of Specialised Translation, 24, pp. 187-213.
- Peterson, Leighton C. and Anthony K. Webster (2013). “Speech Play and Language Ideologies in Navajo Terminology Development.” Pragmatics, 23, 1, pp. 93-116.
- Prieto Ramos, Fernando and Diego Guzmán (2024). “The Impact of Specialised Translator Training and Professional Experience on Legal Translation Quality Assurance: An Empirical Study of Revision Performance.” The Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 18, 2, pp. 313-337.
- Pym, Anthony et al., eds. (2008). Beyond Descriptive Translation Studies: Investigations in Homage to Gideon Toury. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing.
- Rogers, Margaret (2015). Specialised Translation: Shedding the ‘Non-Literary’ Tag. London, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Romain, Sandra J. (2017). “‘We Don’t Have the Words in Inuktitut’: Pharmacy Translations in Nunavut, Canada.” Cogent Social Sciences, 3, 1, pp. 1-15.
- Scarpa, Federica (2020). Research and Professional Practice in Specialised Translation. London, Palgrave McMillan.
- Simeoni, Daniel (1995). “Translating and Studying Translation: The View from the Agent.” Meta, 40, 3, pp. 445-460.
- Simeoni, Daniel (1998). “The Pivotal Status of the Translator’s Habitus.” Target, 10, 1, pp. 1-39.
- Simon, Scott E. (2023). Truly Human: Indigeneity and Indigenous Resurgence on Formosa. Toronto, Toronto University Press.
- Sterk, Darryl C. (2020). Indigenous Cultural Translation: A Thick Description of Seediq Bale. Abingdon, Routledge.
- Sterk, Darryl C. (2021). “Ecologising Seediq: Towards an Ecology of an Endangered Indigenous Language from Taiwan.” International Journal of Taiwan Studies, 4, 1, pp. 54-71.
- Sterk, Darryl C. (2024). “A Double-Edged Sword: Indigenous Translation Under Colonisation in Taiwan.” In Ruselle Meade et al., eds. Routledge Handbook of East Asian Translation. New York and London, Routledge, pp. 67-83.
- Sterk, Darryl C. (2025a). “The Role of the Insider Translator in Conservation and Development: Comparing Multilingual (Auto)Ethnobotanical Books from Tanzania, Thailand, and Taiwan.” Multilingua, 44, 2, pp. 153-180.
- Sterk, Darryl C. (2025b). “After the Fairy Tale Ends: Towards an Ecological Account of the Translation of Traditional Ecological Knowledge.” The Translator, 31, 3, pp. 309-322.
- Tipton, Rebecca (2019). “Structuration Theory.” In Mona Baker and Gabriela Saldanha, eds. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies. 3rd ed. Abingdon and New York, Routledge, pp. 545-549.
- Turner, Nancy J. (2014). Ancient Pathways, Ancestral Knowledge. Ethnobotany and Ecological Wisdom of Indigenous Peoples of Northwestern North America. Montreal, McGill-Queen’s University Press.
- Wolf, Michaela and Alexandra Fukari (2008). Constructing a Sociology of Translation. Amsterdam, John Benjamins Publishing.
- Wright, David C. (2000). Translating Science: The Transmission of Western Chemistry into Late Imperial China, 1840-1900. Leiden, Brill.
- Zhang, He (2018). “The Symbol of Spread of Modern Western Botany into China: Chih-wu hsüeh, An Unconventional Translation in the Late Qing Dynasty.” Protein and Cell, 9, 6, pp. 511-515.
- Zhang, Wenqian (2023). “Constructing the Literary Translator as a Brand: Methodological Considerations.” Translation in Society, 2, 2, pp. 123-145.
- Zuckerman, Ghil’ad (2020). Revivalistics: From the Genesis of Israeli to Language Reclamation in Australia and Beyond. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
