ror.org/02jz4aj89
Résumés
Résumé
Les réseaux sociaux ont rapidement changé la façon dont les gens interagissent entre eux. Le réseau social le plus populaire est Facebook, avec un nombre croissant de personnes qui consacrent de plus en plus de temps sur ce site chaque jour. Dans cet article, nous discutons de l’impact de l’utilisation de Facebook sur le bonheur. La revue de littérature révèle que le bonheur serait influencé différemment selon une utilisation passive ou active de Facebook. L’utilisation active de Facebook stimule le capital social et le sentiment de connexion, qui, à leur tour, ont un impact positif sur le bonheur. L’utilisation passive de Facebook mène souvent à une hausse de la comparaison sociale et de l’envie, qui, à leur tour, ont un impact négatif sur le bonheur. Les gens sont en général plus passifs qu’actifs sur Facebook et ainsi, leur utilisation du site tend à diminuer plutôt qu’à augmenter leur bonheur. Nous terminons cet article en discutant de pistes de recherches futures.
Mots-clés :
- bonheur,
- Facebook,
- utilisation active/passive
Abstract
Social network sites have rapidly changed the way people interact. The most popular social network site is Facebook with an increasing number of people spending an increasing amount of time on Facebook each day. In this article we discuss the impact of using Facebook on happiness. A review of the present literature reveals that happiness is differentially impacted by active and passive Facebook usage. Active Facebook usage stimulates social capital and connectedness, which, in turn, positively impact happiness. Passive Facebook usage often leads to upward social comparisons and envy, which, in turn, negatively impact happiness. People tend to use Facebook more often passively than actively, and hence, tend to use Facebook in a way that undermines rather than enhances happiness. We end this article by discussing possibilities for future research.
Keywords:
- happiness,
- Facebook,
- active/passive usage
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Aiken, M. (2016). The cyber effect: A pioneering cyberpsychologist explains how human behavior changes online. New York, NY : Spiegel et Grau.
- Appel, H., Crusius, J. et Gerlach, A. L. (2015). Social comparison, envy, and depression on Facebook : A study looking at the effects of high comparison standards on depressed individuals. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 34(4), 277-289.
- Barash, V., Ducheneaut, N., Isaacs, E. et Bellotti, V. (2007). Faceplant: Impression (Mis) management in Facebook status updates. Proceedings of the Fourth International AAAI Conference on Weblogs and Social Media (p. 207-210). Washington, D. C.: AAAI Press.
- Boehm, J. K., Peterson, C., Kivimaki, M. et Kubzansky, L. (2011). A prospective study of positive psychological well-being and coronary heart disease. Health Psychology, 30(3), 259-267. doi:10.1037/a0023124
- Bourdieu, P. (1985). The forms of social capital. Dans J. G. Richardson (dir.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education (p. 241-258). New York, NY: Greenwood.
- Burke, M. et Kraut, R. E. (2014). Growing closer on Facebook : Changes in tie strength through social network site use. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, p. 4187-4196. doi:10.1145/2556288.2557094
- Burke, M., Kraut, R. E. et Marlow, C. (2011). Social capital on Facebook: Differentiating uses and users. Proceedings of the International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 571-580. doi:10.1145/1978942.1979023
- Burke, M., Marlow, C. et Lento, T. (2010). Social network activity and social well-being. Proceedings of the SIGCHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1909-1912. doi:10.1145/1753326.1753613
- Buunk, B. P. et Gibbons, F. X. (dir.). (1997). Health, coping, and well-being: Perspectives from social comparison theory. Mahwah, NJ : Erlbaum.
- Cohen-Charash, Y. (2009). Episodic envy. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 39(9), 2128-2173.
- Constine, J. (2012). 27% of Facebook browsing on news feed, just 10% on apps. Repéré à http://www.adweek.com/socialtimes/most-facebook-browsing-on-news-feed/266098?red=if
- Constine, J. (2014). American users spend an average of 40 minutes per day on Facebook. Repéré à https://techcrunch.com/2014/07/23/facebook-usage-time/
- Deters, F. G. et Mehl, M. R. (2013). Does posting Facebook status updates increase or decrease loneliness? An online social networking experiment. Social Psychological and Personality Science, 4(5), 579-586. doi:10.1177/1948550612469233
- Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological Bulletin, 95(3), 542-575.
- Diener, E. et Chan, M. Y. (2011). Happy people live longer : Subjective well-being contributes to health and longevity. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 3(1), 1-43. doi:10.1111/j.1758-0854.2010.01045.x
- Diener, E., Kesebir, P. et Tov, W. (2009). Happiness. Dans M. R. Leary et R. H. Hoyle (dir.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (p. 147-160). New York, NY : Guilford Press.
- Diener, E., Nickerson, C., Lucas, R. E. et Sandvik, E. (2002). Dispositional affect and job outcomes. Social Indicators Research, 59, 229-259.
- Diener, E., Sapyta, J. J. et Suh, E. (1998). Subjective well-being is essential to well-being. Psychological Inquiry, 9(1), 33-37.
- Donath, J. (2008). Signals in social supernets. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 13(1), 231-251. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2007.00394.x
- Donath, J. et Boyd, D. (2004). Public displays of connection. BT Technology Journal, 22(4), 71-82.
- Ellison, N. B. et Boyd, D. M. (2013). Sociality through social network sites. Dans W. H. Dutton (dir.), The Oxford Handbook of Internet Studies (p. 151-172). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
- Ellison, N. B. et Vitak, J. (2015). Social network site affordances and their relationship to social capital processes. Dans S. Shyam Sundar (dir.), The handbook of the psychology of communication technology (p. 205-227). West Sussex, Royaume-Uni: John Wiley & Sons.
- Facebook. (2016). Company Info |Facebook Newsroom.
- Farahani, H. A., Kazemi, Z., Aghamohamadi, S., Bakhtiarvand, F. et Ansari, M. (2011). Examining mental health indices in students using Facebook in Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 28, 811-814. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.148
- Fardouly, J., Diedrichs, P. C., Vartanian, L. R. et Halliwell, E. (2015). Social comparisons on social media: The impact of Facebook on young women’s body image concerns and mood. Body Image, 13, 38-45. doi:10.1016/j.bodyim.2014.12.002
- Ferlander, S. (2007). The importance of different forms of social capital for health. Acta Sociologica, 50(2), 115-128. doi:10.1177/0001699307077654
- Freitas, D. (2017). The happiness effect. How social media is driving a generation to appear perfect at any cost. New York, NY : Oxford Universiy Press.
- Frison, E. et Eggermont, S. (2015a). Exploring the relationships between different types of Facebook use, perceived online social support, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Social Science Computer Review, 45, 1-19. doi:10.1177/0894439314567449
- Frison, E. et Eggermont, S. (2015b). Toward an integrated and differential approach to the relationships between loneliness, different types of Facebook use, and adolescents’ depressed mood. Communication Research, 1-28. doi:10.1177/0093650215617506
- Gardner, H. et Davis, K. (2014). The app generation: How today's young navigate identity, intimacy and imagination in a digital world. New York, NY: Yale Universiy Press.
- Haferkamp, N. et Krämer, N. C. (2011). Social comparison 2.0: Examining the effects of online profiles on social-networking sites. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(5), 309-314. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0120
- Havens, J. C. (2014). Hacking h(app)ines: why your personal data counts and how tracking it can change the world. New York, NY : Tarcher/Penguin
- Hayes, M., van Stolk-cooke, K. et Muench, F. (2015). Understanding Facebook use and the psychological affects of use across generations. Computers in Human Behavior, 49, 507-511. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.03.040
- Haythornthwaite, C. (2005). Social networks and Internet connectivity effects. Information, Communication & Society, 8(2), 125-147. doi:10.1080/13691180500146185
- Helliwell, J. F. et Putnam, R. D. (2004). The social context of well-being. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 359(1449), 1435-1446. doi:10.1098/rstb.2004.1522
- Hill, S. E. et Buss, D. M. (2006). Envy and positional bias in the evolutionary psychology of management. Managerial and Decision Economics, 27(2-3), 131-143. doi:10.1002/mde.l288
- Kalpidou, M., Costin, D. et Morris, J. (2011). The relationship between Facebook and the well-being of undergraduate college students. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(4), 183-189. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0061
- Kim, J. et Lee, J.-E. R. (2011). The Facebook paths to happiness : Effects of the number of Facebook friends and self-presentation on subjective well-being. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(6), 359-364. doi:10.1089/cyber.2010.0374
- Krasnova, H., Wenninger, H., Widjaja, T. et Buxmann, P. (2013). Envy on Facebook: A hidden threat to users’ life satisfaction? 11th International Conference on Wirtschaftsinformatik, (March), 1-16.
- Krasnova, H., Widjaja, T., Buxmann, P., Wenninger, H. et Benbasat, I. (2015). Research Note — Why following friends can hurt you : An exploratory investigation of the effects of envy on social networking sites among college-age users. Information Systems Research, 26(3), 585-605. doi:10.1287/isre.2015.0588
- Kross, E., Verduyn, P., Demiralp, E., Park, J., Lee, D. S., Lin, N., … Ybarra, O. (2013). Facebook use predicts declines in subjective well-being in young adults. PLoS ONE, 8(8), 1-6. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0069841
- Kruglanski, A. W. et Mayseless, O. (1990). Classic and current social comparison research: Expanding the perspective. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 195-208.
- Lyubomirsky, S., King, L. et Diener, E. (2005). The benefits of frequent positive affect : Does happiness lead to success? Psychological Bulletin, 131(6), 803-855. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.131.6.803
- Matook, S., Cummings, J. et Bala, H. (2015). Are you feeling lonely ? The impact of relationship characteristics and online social network features on loneliness. Journal of Management Information Systems, 31(4), 278-310. doi:10.1080/07421222.2014.1001282
- Mehdizadeh, S. (2010). Self-presentation 2.0: Narcissism and self-esteem on Facebook. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 13(4), 357-364. doi:10.1089/cyber.2009.0257
- Newman, M. W., Lauterbach, D., Munson, S. A., Resnick, P. et Morris, M. E. (2011). “It’s not that I don't have problems, I'm just not putting them on Facebook”: Challenges and Ipportunities in using online social networks for health. ACM 2011 conference on Computer supported cooperative work. doi: 10.1145/1958824.1958876
- Pantic, I., Damjanovic, A., Todorovic, J., Topalovic, D., Bojovic-Jovic, D., Ristic, S. et Pantic, S. (2012). Association between online social networking and depression in high school students: Behavioral physiology viewpoint. Psychiatria Danubina, 24(1), 90-93.
- Park, J., Lee, D. S., Shablack, H., Verduyn, P., Deldin, P., Ybarra, O. et Kross, E. (2016). When perceptions defy reality: The relationships between depression and actual and perceived Facebook social support. Journal of Affective Disorders, 200, 37-44. doi:10.1016/j.jad.201.01.048
- Pempek, T. A., Yermolayeva, Y. A. et Calvert, S. L. (2009). College students’ social networking experiences on Facebook. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 30(3), 227-238. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.12.010
- Perrin, A. (2015). Social Media Usage: 2005-2015. Repéré à http://www.pewinternet.org/2015/10/08/social-networking-usage-2005-2015/
- Putnam, R. D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon et Schuster.
- Radesky, J. S., Schumaker, J. et Zukerman, B. (2014). Mobile and interactive media use by young children: The good, the bad and the unknown. Pediatrics, 135(1), 1-3.
- Ryan, T. et Xenos, S. (2011). Who uses Facebook ? An investigation into the relationship between the Big Five, shyness, narcissism, loneliness, and Facebook usage. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(5), 1658-1664. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2011.02.004
- Sagioglou, C. et Greitemeyer, T. (2014). Facebook’s emotional consequences: Why Facebook causes a decrease in mood and why people still use it. Computers in Human Behavior, 35, 359-363. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.03.003
- Salovey, P. et Rodin, J. (1991). Provoking jealousy and envy: Domain relevance and self-esteem threat. Journal of Social & Clinical Psychology, 10(4), 395-413.
- Shaw, A. M., Timpano, K. R., Tran, T. B. et Joormann, J. (2015). Correlates of Facebook usage patterns: The relationship between passive Facebook use, social anxiety symptoms, and brooding. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 575-580. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.02.003
- Simoncic, T. E., Kuhlman, K. R., Vargas, I., Houchins, S. et Lopez-Duran, N. L. (2014). Facebook use and depressive symptomatology : Investigating the role of neuroticism and extraversion in youth. Computers in Human Behavior, 40, 1-5. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.07.039
- Smith, R. H. et Kim, S. H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 46-64. doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46
- Smith, R. H., Parrott, W. G., Diener, E. F., Hoyle, R. H. et Kim, S. H. (1999). Dispositional envy. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(8), 1007-1020.
- Steinfield, C., Ellison, N. B. et Lampe, C. (2008). Social capital, self-esteem, and use of online social network sites: A longitudinal analysis. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 29(6), 434-445. doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2008.07.002
- Steptoe, A. et Wardle, J. (2011). Positive affect measured using ecological momentary assessment and survival in older men and women. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 108(45), 18244-18248. doi:doi/10.1073/pnas.1110892108
- Tandoc Jr, E. C., Ferrucci, P. et Duffy, M. (2015). Facebook use, envy, and depression among college students : Is facebooking depressing? Computers in Human Behavior, 43, 139-146. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.10.053
- Tay, L., Kuykendall, L. et Diener, E. (2015). Satisfaction and happiness - The bright side of quality of life. Dans W. Glatzer, L. Camfield, V. Møller et M. Rojas (dir.), Global handbook of quality of life: Exploration of well-being of nations and continents (p. 839-853). New York, NY: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9178-6
- Tobin, S. J., Vanman, E. J., Verreynne, M. et Saeri, A. K. (2014). Threats to belonging on Facebook : lurking and ostracism. Social Influence, 10(1), 31-42. doi:10.1080/15534510.2014.893924
- Tromholt, M., Marie, L., Andsbjerg, K. et Wiking, M. (2015). The Facebook experiment: Does social media affect the quality of our lives. Copenhague (Danemark): Happiness Research Institute.
- Valenzuela, S., Park, N. et Kee, K. F. (2009). Is there social capital in a social network site? : Facebook use and college student’s life satisfaction, trust, and participation. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 14(4), 875-901. doi:10.1111/j.1083-6101.2009.01474.x
- Vecchio, R. P. (2000). Negative emotion in the workplace : Employee jealousy and envy. International Journal of Stress Management, 7(3), 161-179.
- Verduyn, P., Lee, D. S., Park, J., Shablack, H., Orvell, A., Bayer, J., … Kross, E. (2015). Passive Facebook usage undermines affective well-being : Experimental and longitudinal evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 144(2), 480-488.
- Verduyn, P., Ybarra, O., Résibois, M., Jonides, J. et Kross, E. (sous presse). Do social network sites enhance or undermine subjective well-being: A critical review. Social Issues & Policy Review, 11(1), 274-302.
- Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Okdie, B. M., Eckles, K. et Franz, B. (2015). Who compares and despairs? The effect of social comparison orientation on social media use and its outcomes. Personality and Individual Differences, 86, 249-256.
- Vogel, E. A., Rose, J. P., Roberts, L. R. et Eckles, K. (2014). Social comparison, social media, and self-esteem. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 3(4), 206-222.
- Wang, S. S. (2013). “I share, therefore I am”: Personality traits, life satisfaction, and Facebook check-Ins. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 16(12), 870-877. doi:10.1089/cyber.2012.0395
- Wenninger, H., Krasnova, H. et Buxmann, P. (2014). Activity Matters: Investigating the Influence of Facebook on Life Satisfaction of Teenage Users. In Twenty Second European Conference on Information Systems (pp. 1-18).
- Wills, T. A. (1981). Downward comparison principles in social psychology. Psychological Bulletin, 90(2), 245-271.