Résumés
Résumé
La nature en ville offre de multiples bienfaits tant sur le plan écologique que sociologique, en favorisant la santé physique et mentale. De nombreuses initiatives municipales à travers le monde se penchent ainsi sur l’identification et le maintien de ces services écosystémiques, à l’heure où ces derniers risquent d’être durement touchés par les changements climatiques. Pourtant, peu de recherches se sont concentrées sur les facteurs régulant la combinaison des services rendus par la nature urbaine et des risques auxquels elle est exposée. Notre étude vise donc à quantifier 6 services (perméabilité des sols, régulation de la température de surface, séquestration/stockage de carbone, biodiversité, interactions humaines avec les écosystèmes et cueillette de champignons comestibles) et 5 risques (mortalité des arbres, maladies/dépérissement, dépôts de neige, vulnérabilité aux intempéries et espèces exotiques envahissantes) pour 12 écosystèmes du campus de l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières. Les résultats révèlent que les services et les risques varient selon le type d’écosystème. La jeune pinède blanche et les milieux mixtes surannés fournissent les services les plus importants, tandis que la pinède grise et le milieu mixte sont les plus exposés aux risques. Plus les écosystèmes sont âgés et éloignés des perturbations anthropiques, plus ils rendent un grand nombre de services, sans augmenter le niveau moyen des risques. Cette étude fournit une méthodologie facilement ajustable pour évaluer la dynamique spatiale des services offerts et des risques encourus par la nature urbaine et, de ce fait, formuler des recommandations aux gestionnaires.
Mots-clés :
- forêts urbaines,
- gestion durable des espaces verts,
- régulation climatique,
- services écosystémiques,
- télédétection
Abstract
Urban nature provides multiple benefits, both ecological and sociological, with the latter including supporting physical and mental health. Therefore, many municipal initiatives worldwide are focusing on identifying and maintaining these ecosystem services. However, this comes at a time when urban nature risks being severely affected by climate change. Despite this, few studies have examined the factors governing the combination of services provided by urban nature and the risks to which it is exposed. The present study aimed to quantify 6 services (soil permeability, surface temperature regulation, carbon sequestration, biodiversity, human-ecosystem interactions, and edible wild mushroom harvesting) and 5 risks (tree mortality, disease or decline, snow deposits, vulnerability to extreme weather, and invasive alien species) across 12 ecosystems on the campus of the Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (Canada). The results show that services and risks vary according to ecosystem type. Young white pine stands and mature mixed stands provide the highest levels of services, while jack pine stands and younger mixed stands are most exposed to risks. Older ecosystems located farther from anthropogenic disturbances, deliver a greater number of services without increasing their average level of risk. This study provides a methodology that can be easily adjusted to evaluate the spatial dynamics of services delivered and risks faced by urban nature, thereby offering actionable recommendations for managers.
Keywords:
- climate regulation,
- ecosystem services,
- remote sensing,
- sustainable green space management,
- urban forests
Parties annexes
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