Résumés
Résumé
La localisation de certains ARN dans des endroits précis du cytoplasme cellulaire a été découverte il y a une vingtaine d’années, à la fois dans l’embryon précoce d’ascidie, dans l’oeuf de drosophile et dans les fibroblastes embryonnaires de poulet. On connaît maintenant plus d’une centaine d’exemples d’ARN localisés, et cela dans de nombreuses espèces, de la levure à l’homme. Dans la plupart des cas, la localisation de ces ARN est liée à des événements de polarité cellulaire. À l’aide de deux exemples, l’ARNm Ash1 de la levure et les ARN rétroviraux murins, cet article aborde la fonction et les mécanismes de la localisation des ARN. On verra notamment que ce phénomène est impliqué dans de nombreux processus cellulaires et que le transport des ARN est intimement lié au cytosquelette et au trafic membranaire.
Summary
RNA localization in subcytoplasmic areas is a process known for more than twenty years, and more than a hundred RNAs have now been shown to be spatially regulated. In most cases, RNA localization is involved in cell polarity, either by reading spatial clues and translating them into a spatial regulation of gene expression, or more directly by controlling cytoskeletal polarity. In this review, the various functions of RNA localization will be presented, and by analyzing two examples, Ash1 mRNA in yeast and retroviral genomic RNAs in mammals, the reader will be taken step by step into the detailed mechanisms of this fascinating process.
Parties annexes
Références
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