Résumés
Résumé
Cette étude de cas autoethnographique présente des considérations éthiques et culturelles et les accommodations à mettre en oeuvre pour soutenir l’apprentissage des personnes S/sourdes et malentendantes en cours de langue orale. S’appuyant sur l’expérience commune des deux chercheuses en tant que professeure et étudiante de Français langue seconde dans une université ontarienne de septembre 2019 à avril 2022, cet article propose des pistes pédagogiques et des conseils pratiques pour mieux accommoder les étudiants S/sourds et malentendants en classe et en ligne.
Mots-clés :
- éducation inclusive,
- français langue seconde,
- accessibilité,
- étudiants S/sourds et malentendants,
- post-secondaire,
- stratégies pédagogiques
Abstract
This autoethnographic case study presents ethical and cultural considerations and accommodations to support the learning of D/deaf and hard-of-hearing people in oral language classes. Drawing on the two researchers’ shared experience as a professor and a student of French as a Second Language at an Ontario university from September 2019 to April 2022, this article offers pedagogical tips and practical advice to better accommodate D/deaf and hard-of-hearing students in the classroom and online.
Keywords:
- inclusive education,
- french as a second language,
- accessibility,
- D/deaf and hard-of-hearing students,
- postsecondary,
- pedagogical strategies
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Anderson, E. (1995). Feminist epistemology: An interpretation and a defense. Hypatia, 10(3), 50–84. http://www.jstor.org/stable/3810237
- Anderson, L. (2006). Analytic autoethnography. Journal of Contemporary Ethnography, 35(4), 373–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891241605280449
- Association des Sourds du Canada (2015). La terminologie. http://cad.ca/fr/ressources-liens/la-terminologie/
- Bakari, R. S. (1997). Epistemology from an Afrocentric perspective: Enhancing Black students’ consciousness through an Afrocentric way of knowing. Different perspectives on majority rules: Second annual conference. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/pocpwi2/20/
- Beaudoin, J.P. (2013). Introduction aux pratiques d’enseignement inclusives. Centre de pédagogie universitaire, Université d’Ottawa. https://www.uottawa.ca/about-us/sites/g/files/bhrskd336/files/2022-08/accessibilite-guide-inclusion-fr-2013-10-30.pdf
- Bergeron, L., Rousseau, N. et Leclerc, M. (2011). La pédagogie universelle : Au coeur de la planification de l’inclusion scolaire. Éducation et francophonie, 39(2), 87–104. https://doi.org/10.7202/1007729ar
- Buchholz, N. D. (2017). Teaching ancient languages to Deaf students. Journal of Disability & Religion, 21(4), 381–394. https://doi.org/10.1080/23312521.2017.1378954
- Cann, C.N. et DeMeulenaere, E. J. (2012). Critical co-constructed autoethnography. Cultural Studies-Critical Methodologies, 12(2), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1177/153270861143521
- CAST. (2018). Universal Design for Learning guidelines version 2.2. http://udlguidelines.cast.org
- Chang, H. (2008). Autoethnography as method. Left Coast Press Inc.
- Charte canadienne des droits et des libertés(1982). Loi constitutionnelle de 1982. https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/PDF/CONST_TRD.pdf#page=62
- Collier, R. (2012). Person-first language: What it means to be a “person”. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 184(18), 935–936. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.109-4322
- Commission ontarienne des droits de la personne (2004). Directives sur l’éducation accessible. https://www.ohrc.on.ca/sites/default/files/Guidelines_on_accessible_education _fr.pdf
- Commission ontarienne des droits de la personne (2018). Politique sur l’éducation accessible aux élèves handicapés. https://www.ohrc.on.ca/fr/politique-sur-l%C3%A9ducation-accessible-aux-%C3%A9l%C3%A8ves-handicap%C3%A9s
- Commission ontarienne des droits de la personne (2023). Code des droits de la personne de l’Ontario (L.R.O. 1990, chap H.19). https://www.ontario.ca/fr/lois/loi/90h19
- Conseil de l’Europe (2001). Cadre européen commun de référence pour les langues : apprendre, enseigner, évaluer. Éditions du Conseil de l’Europe.
- Cooper, K. et White, R. (2009). Distinguished performances: The educative role of disciplines in qualitative research in education. International Review of Qualitative Research, 2(2), 167–188. https://doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2009.2.2.167
- Davis, J. E. (2005). Code choices and consequences: Implications for educational interpreting. Dans M. Marschark, R. Peterson et E. A. Winston (dir.), Sign language interpreting and interpreter education: Directions for research and practice. (p. 112–141). Oxford University Press.
- Dubé, G. (2016). L’autoethnographie, une méthode de recherche inclusive. Présences, 9, 1-21. https://www.uqar.ca/app/uploads/2024/06/presences-vol9-2-dube-lautoethnographie-une-methode-de-recherche-inclusive.pdf
- Dunn, D. S. et Andrews, E. E. (2015). Person-first and identity-first language: Developing psychologists’ cultural competence using disability language. American Psychologist, 70(3), 255–264. https://psycnet.apa.org/doiLanding?doi=10.1037%2Fa0038636
- Ellis, C., Adams, T. E. et Bochner, A. P. (2011). Autoethnography: An overview. Historical Social Research, 36(4), 273–290. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23032294
- Ellis, C. et Bochner, A. P. (2000). Autoethnography, personal narrative, reflexivity: Researcher as subject. Dans N. K. Denzin et Y. S. Lincoln (dir.), The handbook of qualitative research (2e éd., p. 733–768). Sage.
- Etherington, K. (2004). Becoming a reflexive researcher: Using ourselves in research. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
- Flink, P. (2021). Person-first et identity-first language: Supporting students with disabilities on campus. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(2), 97-85. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2019.1640147
- Gagnon, A. (2014). Surdité, sourd, Sourd et sourdien. [Vidéo]. Youtube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wIbSrYtv-Rk.
- Geeslin III, J. D. (2007). Deaf bilingual education: A comparison of the academic performance of deaf children of deaf parents and deaf children of hearing parents [thèse de doctorat, Indiana University]. Core. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/213814425.pdf
- Gernsbacher, M. A. (2017). Editorial Perspective: The use of person-first language in scholarly writing may accentuate stigma. Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines, 58(7), 859–861. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12706
- Glahn, E. (1980). Introspection as a method of elicitation in interlanguage studies. Interlanguage Studies Bulletin, 5(1), 119–128. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43135246
- Gouvernement de l’Ontario (2016). Loi de 2005 sur l’accessibilité pour les personnes handicapées de l’Ontario (L.O. 2005, chap. 11). https://www.ontario.ca/fr/lois/loi/05a11
- Holcomb, T. K. (2010). Deaf epistemology: The Deaf way of knowing. American Annals of the Deaf, 154(5), 471–478. https://www.doi.org/10.1353/aad.0.0116
- Horejes, T. P. (2012). Social constructions of Deafness, Examining Deaf languacultures in education. Gallaudet University Press.
- Hosenfeld, C. (1976). Learning about learning: Discovering our students’ strategies. Foreign Language Annals, 9(2), 117–130.
- Jankowski, K. A. (1997). Deaf empowerment: Emergence, struggle, and rhetoric. University Press.
- Kalmbach Phillips, D., Harris, G., Legard Larson, M. et Higgins, K. (2009). Trying on—being in—becoming: Four women’s journey(s) in feminist poststructural theory. Qualitative Inquiry, 15(9), 1455–1479. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1077800409347097
- Koertge, N. (1996). Feminist epistemology: Stalking an un-dead horse. Dans P. Gross et N. Levitt (dir.), The flight from science and reason (p. 413–419). Johns Hopkins University Press.
- Kurz, K., Schick, B. et Hauser, P. (2015). Deaf children’s science content learning in direct instruction versus interpreted instruction. Journal of Science Education for Students with Disabilities, 18(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.14448/jsesd.07.0003
- Ladd, P. (2008). Colonialism and resistance: A brief history of Deafhood. Dans H. L. Bauman (dir.), Open your eyes: Deaf studies talking (p. 42–59). University of Minnesota Press.
- Lang, H. (2003). Perspectives on the history of deaf education. Dans M. Marschark et P. E. Spencer (dir.), Oxford handbook of deaf studies, language, and education (p. 9–20). Oxford University Press.
- Leduc, L. (2024, 1er juin). La pénurie d’interprètes fait mal aux sourds et malentendants. La Presse. https://www.lapresse.ca/actualites/2024-06-01/la-penurie-d-interpretes-fait-mal-aux-sourds-et-malentendants.php#:~:text=La%20p%C3%A9nurie%20d'interpr%C3%A8tes %20en,de%20communiquer%20avec%20l'enseignant.
- Lingsom, S. (2011). Public space and impairment: An introspective case study of disabling and enabling experiences. Scandinavian Journal of Disability Research, 14(4), 1–13. https://sjdr.se/articles/10.1080/15017419.2011.645869
- Mann, S.J. (1986). Introspective methods: The social construction of mental processes. Lenguas Modernas, 13, 115–125. https://www.academia.edu/88448950
- Marschark, M, Sapere, P, Convertino, C. M. et Pelz, J. (2008). Learning via direct and mediated instruction by deaf students. Journal of Deaf Studies and Deaf Education, 13(4), 546–561. https://doi.org/10.1093/deafed/enn014
- McIlveen, P. (2008). Autoethnography as a method for reflexive research and practice in vocational psychology. Australian Journal of Career Development, 17(2), 13-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/103841620801700204
- National Deaf Center on Postsecondary Outcomes (2023). Leveraging community partnerships to provide note taking services. https://nationaldeafcenter.org/news-items/leveraging-community-partnerships-to-provide-note-taking-services/
- National Educational Association of Disabled Students (2018). Landscape of accessibility and accommodation in post-secondary education for students with disabilities. https://www.neads.ca/en/about/media/AccessibilityandAccommodation%202018-5landscapereport.pdf
- O’Brien, C., Kroner, C. et Placier, P. (2015). Deaf culture and academic culture: Cultivating understanding across cultural and linguistic boundaries. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 8(2), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038821
- Rose, D.H. et Meyer, A. (2002). Teaching every student in the digital age: Universal design for learning. Association for Supervision and Curriculum Development.
- Roth, W-M. (2005). Auto/biography and auto/ethnography: Finding the generalized other in the self. Dans Roth, W-M. (dir.), Auto/biography and auto/ethnography: Praxis of research method (p. 3–16). Sense Publishers.
- Simms, L. et Thumann, H. (2007). In search of a new, linguistically and culturally sensitive paradigm in deaf education. American Annals of the Deaf. 152(3), 302–311. https://ncrtm.ed.gov/sites/default/files/library/557/J305.1523.01D.pdf
- Siple, L., Greer, L. et Holcomb, B. R. (2004). Deaf culture [PDF]. PEPNet-Northeast, Rochester Institute of Technology, National Technical Institute for the Deaf. https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sites/rit.edu.ntid/files/radscc/deaf_culture_tip_sheet.pdf
- Société canadienne de l’ouïe (2013). Énoncé de position de la Société canadienne de l’ouïe sur les défis des communautés Sourdes et des interprètes en langue des signes au Canada. https://www.chs.ca/fr/les-defis-des-communautes-sourdes-et-des-interpretes-en-langue-des-signes-au-canada
- Spry, T. (2001). Performing autoethnography: An embodied methodological praxis. Qualitative Inquiry, 7(6), 706-732. https://doi.org/10.1177/107780040100700605
- Stake R.E. (1994). Case studies. Dans N.K. Denzin et Y.S. Lincoln (dir.). (1994). Handbook of Qualitative Research (p. 243). Sage Publications.
- Stone, R. (2000). A bold step: Changing the curriculum for culturally Deaf and hard of hearing students. Dans P. E. Spencer, C. J. Erting et M. Marschark (dir.), The Deaf child in the family and at school (p. 229–238). Erlbaum.
- Taylor, S. J. et Bogdan, R. (1984). Introduction to qualitative research methods: The search for meaning. John Wiley et Sons.
- Winston, E. A. (2005). Interpretability and accessibility of mainstream classroom. Dans E. A. Winston (dir.), Educational interpreting: How it can succeed. Gallaudet University Press.
- Wright, H. K. (2003). An endarkened feminist epistemology? Identity, difference, and the politics of representation in educational research. Qualitative Studies in Education,16(2), 197–214.

