Résumés
Résumé
L’épuisement professionnel est un syndrome généré par du stress chronique au travail qui entraîne des conséquences néfastes pour la santé psychologique et physique des individus. Très étudié chez des populations d’enseignants et chez le personnel de la santé, à notre connaissance, peu de revues systématiques de la documentation ont porté sur les facteurs de risque de l’épuisement professionnel chez les directions d’école. L’objectif de cette recherche est de colliger les connaissances sur l’épuisement professionnel auprès de cette population à partir de l’instrument de mesure Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) afin de guider la recherche future et éventuellement mettre en place des interventions visant à prévenir le développement de ce syndrome chez cette population. Parmi les 552 articles initialement identifiés dans les bases de données, l’équipe de recherche en a retenu 15 pour cette revue systématique, en considérant les critères d’inclusion. Les facteurs de risque et de protection recensés sont nombreux. Cette revue systématique discute de huit facteurs individuels et cinq facteurs situationnels. Ces facteurs de risque et de protection observés dans d’autres types de populations peuvent également s’appliquer aux directions d’école. De plus, des facteurs jamais étudiés auparavant ont démontré une association avec l’épuisement professionnel chez cette population.
Mots-clés :
- épuisement professionnel,
- directions,
- établissements d’enseignement,
- facteurs de risque
Abstract
Burnout is a syndrome generated by chronic stress at work that leads to harmful consequences on the psychological and physical health of the individuals suffering from it. While it has been extensively studied in populations of teachers and health care personnel, few systematic reviews of the literature have been conducted on the risk factors for burnout among school principals. Yet, principals are also at risk of burnout, given the nature of their work. The aim of this research is to collect information on burnout in this population using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) burnout measurement instrument in order to guide future research and implement interventions to prevent the development of this syndrome in this population. Of the 552 articles initially identified in the databases, 15 were retained in the systematic review considering the inclusion criteria. Numerous risk and protective factors were identified: eight individual factors and five situational factors are discussed in this systematic review. The results suggest that the risk and protective factors for burnout observed in other populations may also apply to school principals. Furthermore, previously unstudied factors have been shown to be associated with burnout in this population.
Keywords:
- burnout,
- principals,
- schools,
- risk factors
Parties annexes
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