Résumés
Abstract
This paper examines Canada’s immigration policy measures during the COVID-19 pandemic and their impact on international student recruitment and retention. Applying multiple streams analysis (MSA), it explores how the problem stream (pandemic disruptions), policy stream (immigration changes), and politics stream (government priorities) intersected to shape policy responses. Using qualitative document analysis, the study reviews federal policy documents from March 2020 to December 2022, covering key measures such as travel regulations, online learning provisions, work-related policies, and pathways to permanent residency. Findings indicate a significant shift in policymaking from reactive to proactive strategies, emphasizing economic recovery as immediate health threats diminished. The pandemic necessitated rapid policy innovation, particularly in online learning and work-related provisions, which may influence future approaches to international education and immigration in Canada. The paper concludes with a discussion on the implications of these policies and recommendations for future research to understand their long-term effects on Canada’s international education sector.
Keywords:
- COVID-19 pandemic,
- immigration policy,
- international students,
- multiple streams analysis (MSA),
- policy innovation,
- higher education
Résumé
Cet article examine les mesures prises par le Canada en matière de politique d’immigration pendant la pandémie de COVID-19 et leur impact sur l’attraction et la rétention des étudiants étrangers. En nous servant de l’analyse des courants multiples (multiple streams analysis – MSA), nous explorons la manière dont le courant des problèmes (perturbations dues à la pandémie), le courant des politiques internes (changements en matière d’immigration) et le courant des politiques publiques (priorités du gouvernement) se sont croisés pour déterminer les réponses politiques. À l’aide d’une analyse qualitative de documents, cette étude examine les documents des politiques fédérales entre mars 2020 et décembre 2022 qui traitaient des mesures clés – telles que les réglementations sur les voyages, les dispositions relatives à l’apprentissage en ligne, les politiques liées au travail et les parcours vers la résidence permanente. Les résultats indiquent un changement significatif dans l’élaboration des politiques, passant de stratégies réactives à des stratégies proactives, mettant l’accent sur la reprise économique alors que les menaces immédiates pour la santé diminuaient. La pandémie a nécessité un esprit d’innovation rapide, en particulier en ce qui concerne l’apprentissage en ligne et les dispositions relatives au travail; un fait qui pourrait influencer les approches futures en matière d’éducation internationale et d’immigration au Canada. L’article se conclut par une discussion sur les implications de ces politiques et des recommandations pour les recherches futures afin de comprendre leurs effets à long terme sur le secteur de l’éducation internationale au Canada.
Mots-clés :
- la pandémie de COVID-19,
- politique d’immigration,
- étudiants internationaux,
- analyse des courants multiples,
- innovation des politiques,
- enseignement supérieur
Parties annexes
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