Résumés
Abstract
Joseph Bologne, the Chevalier de Saint-George, has been an important historical figure for musicologists. When he entered music-historical conversations in the 1990s, his charismatic persona and, especially, his Blackness opened the door to discussions about how Black and mixed-race musicians had contributed to European music cultures before 1800, and drew important attention to the ways they were passed over in scholarship. Many of those conversations and many since, however, have focused on Bologne and his Blackness as exceptional, as a historical curiosity. Although effective as a critical tool, this exceptionality has monumentalized him in ways that have become counterproductive to the changing historical picture his story might otherwise help develop. As part of this special issue on Bologne, this essay examines how exceptionality has framed Bologne and his Blackness in music-historical writing, and offers an alternative, approaching them as what Bruno Latour has termed “matters of concern.” I situate Bologne and his Blackness in an Atlantic view, looking beyond Paris to broaden and complicate the singular narratives monumentality has offered. Comparing his persona in Paris with that in 1770s and 1780s Cap-Français, the cultural hub of French-colonial Saint-Domingue, reveals how his persona was constituted through plural, shifting relationships between his musical virtuosity, amateurism, his body, and above all, his coloniality as a mixed-race Caribbean-born man. These relationships generate asymmetries and contingencies that resist the monolithic concepts of exceptionality relied on. Complicating the music-historical picture of Bologne, rather than resolving it to a clear, singular narrative, offers a path for Bologne’s story and his Blackness to productively rethink the historical picture scholars have aimed to write him into.
Keywords:
- Joseph Bologne de Saint-George,
- Blackness,
- Atlantic World,
- historiography,
- coloniality
Résumé
Joseph Bologne, chevalier de Saint-George, est une figure historique importante pour les musicologues. Lorsqu'il est entré dans les débats sur l'histoire de la musique dans les années 1990, sa personnalité charismatique et, surtout, son appartenance à la communauté noire ont ouvert la voie à des discussions sur la contribution des musiciens noirs et métis à la culture musicale européenne avant 1800, et ont attiré l'attention sur la manière dont ils avaient été ignorés par les chercheurs. Cependant, bon nombre de ces débats, ainsi que beaucoup d'autres depuis, se sont concentrés sur Bologne et sa négritude comme étant exceptionnels, comme une curiosité historique. Bien qu'efficace en tant qu'outil critique, cette exceptionnalité l'a monumentaliser d'une manière qui est devenue contre-productive pour l'évolution de l'image historique que son histoire aurait pu aider à développer. Dans le cadre de ce numéro spécial consacré à Bologne, cet essai examine comment l'exceptionnalité a façonné Bologne et sa négritude dans les écrits sur l'histoire de la musique, et propose une alternative en les abordant comme ce que Bruno Latour a appelé des « questions qui nous concernent ». Je situe Bologne et sa négritude dans une perspective atlantique, en regardant au-delà de Paris pour élargir et complexifier les récits singuliers offerts par la monumentalité. La comparaison de sa personnalité à Paris avec celle qu'il avait dans les années 1770 et 1780 à Cap-Français, le centre culturel de la colonie française de Saint-Domingue, révèle comment sa personnalité s'est constituée à travers des relations plurielles et changeantes entre sa virtuosité musicale, son amateurisme, son corps et, surtout, sa colonialité en tant qu'homme métissé né dans les Caraïbes. Ces relations génèrent des asymétries et des contingences qui résistent aux concepts monolithiques d'exceptionnalité sur lesquels on s'appuie. Compliquer l'image musicale et historique de Bologne, plutôt que de la résoudre en un récit clair et singulier, offre une voie pour que l'histoire de Bologne et sa négritude repensent de manière productive l'image historique dans laquelle les chercheurs ont cherché à l'inscrire.
Mots-clés :
- Joseph Bologne de Saint-George,
- historiographie,
- colonialité,
- monde atlantique,
- Noiritude
Parties annexes
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