Abstracts
Résumé
L’anthropologie est définie comme l’étude de l’être humain (anthrôpos) ; mais où peut-on localiser le sujet de cette discipline ? Dans cet article, je propose d’explorer un type particulier d’entités que j’appelle les objets-frontières humains. Ces entités peuvent simultanément appartenir ou non au corps humain, relever de la personne et de la chose, du soi et du non-soi. La biomédecine actuelle repose en grande partie sur l’utilisation de tels objets, tant pour la recherche que pour le traitement. Cet article vise à montrer qu’ils constituent de nouveaux sites productifs pour l’analyse de thèmes classiques comme l’identité, la catégorisation et la liminalité. À partir d’exemples concrets, il s’agit de comprendre comment de tels espaces facilitent l’étude des négociations actuelles de l’identité dans la fabrique d’une nouvelle vie (traitement contre l’infertilité), la reconstruction du corps (technologie liée à la transplantation) et même la mort (incinération).
Mots-clés :
- corps,
- objet-frontière,
- ethnographie multi-sites,
- médecine de la transplantation
Abstract
Anthropology is known as the study of anthrôpos, the human being. But where should one locate this study ? In this paper I suggest exploring a particular type of entity that I call human boundary object : an object which is deemed both part of and not-part of the body ; both person and thing ; both self and not-self. Current biomedicine to a large extent depends upon the use of such objects for both research and treatment, and I suggest that they constitute productive sites for the study of classical themes such as personhood, categorization and liminality. I give examples of how such sites can facilitate examination of current negotiations of personhood in the making of new life (e.g. infertility treatment), in the reshaping of bodies (e.g. transplant technology), and upon death (e.g. cremation).
Keywords:
- body,
- boundary object,
- multi-sited ethnography,
- transplant me
Resumen
La antropología es definida como el estudio del ser humano (anthrôpos), pero ¿dónde puede localizarse el sujeto de esta disciplina ? En este artículo propongo explorar un tipo particular de entidades que llamo los objetos-fronteras humanas. Estas entidades pueden, simultáneamente, pertenecer o no al cuerpo humano, depender de la persona y de la cosa, de sí mismo y no de sí mismo. La biomedicina actual se basa en gran parte en la utilización de tales objetos, tanto para la investigación como para el tratamiento. Este artículo busca demostrar que ellos constituyen nuevos sitios productivos para el análisis de temas clásicos como la identidad, la categorización y la liminalidad. Se trata de comprender, a partir de ejemplos concretos, cómo tales espacios facilitan el estudio de las negociaciones actuales de la identidad en la fábrica de una nueva vida (tratamiento contra la infertilidad), la reconstrucción del cuerpo (tecnología relacionada con los trasplantes) e inclusive en la muerte (incineración).
Palabras clave:
- cuerpos,
- objetos-frontera,
- etnografía multisitios,
- medicina de los trasplantes
Appendices
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