Résumés
Abstract
Successive translations of a text mirror the shifting translatory practices of a culture. Paradigms for/of translation can be tracked by following the trajectory of these translations. Usually, however, the “translative turn” is read off from the latest in the series of translations inspired by a text. It is the other way round with the translated Oriya novel, Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Chhamana Athaguntha (1902), which is an exception to this developmentalist rule. An early English translation of the novel titled The Stubble under the Cloven Hoof (1967), produced by C.V.N. Das, shows a highly visible and active translator. In this Das uses English to counter the Englishing tendencies that are the inevitable end result of his attempt, as he says, at “rechristening” a vernacular tale. This essay demonstrates this and also explains the related phenomenon of the foregrounding of the task of the translator.
Keywords:
- Oriya novel,
- Englishing,
- transcreation,
- semantic surplus,
- translation as writing
Résumé
Les traductions successives d’un texte reflètent le développement des pratiques traduisantes d’une culture. Les paradigmes de la traduction peuvent être déduits de la trajectoire de ces traductions. Le plus souvent, c’est la traduction la plus récente d’un texte qui permet de constater le « tournant traductionnel ». Le roman oriya qui a suscité le plus grand nombre de traductions, Chhamana athaguntha de Fakir Mohan Senapati (1902), constitue une exception à cette règle. Dans ce cas, c’est dans une des premières traductions anglaises, celle de C.V.N. Das, publiée en 1967 sous le titre The Stubble under the Cloven Hoof, que le traducteur et son activité sont rendus visibles. Dans son approche de la traduction, Das se sert de la langue anglaise pour contrer la tendance inévitable à « angliciser », selon sa volonté de « rebaptiser », comme il le dit, ce récit vernaculaire. Cet article présente son approche et explique le phénomène associé de la mise en valeur de la tâche du traducteur.
Mots-clés :
- roman oriya,
- angliciser,
- transcréation,
- surplus sémantique,
- traduction comme écriture
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- ANANTHMURTHY, U.R. (2005). [Blurb on the Book Jacket.] In Six Acres and a Third. Trans. R.S. Mishra, J.K. Nayak, S.P. Mohanty and Paul St-Pierre. California, University of California Press, n.p.
- Anjaria, Ulka (2006). “Satire, Literary Realism and the Indian State: Six Acres and a Third and Raag Darbari.” Economic and Political Weekly, November 18, pp. 4795-4800.
- Ashcroft, Bill et al. (1987). The Empire Writes Back. London, Methuen.
- Barthes, Roland (1974[1970]). S/Z. Trans. Richard Miller. New York, Hill and Wang.
- Chatterjee, Upamanyu (1988). English August: An Indian Story. London, Faber and Faber.
- DAS, C.V.N. (1967). The Stubble Under the Cloven Hoof. Cuttack, Sahitya Sambad.
- Das, Chandan (2007). “Compliance as Resistance: A Comparative Study of the Translation of Chha Mana Atha Guntha.” Ph.D. dissertation. Utkal Universtiy, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India. Unpublished.
- Dash, Debendra and Dipti R. Pattanaik (2006). “Translating Medieval Orissa.” Translation Today, 3, 1 and 2, pp. 20-82.
- Dash, Debendra and Dipti R. Pattanaik (2007). “Translation and Social Practice in Ancient and Medieval India (with special reference to Orissa).” In Paul St-Pierre and P.C. Kar, eds. In Translation: Reflections, Refractions, Transformations. Amsterdam and Philadelphia, John Benjamins, pp. 153-174.
- Dash, Debendra and Dipti R. Pattanaik (Forthcoming). “Tradition-Modernity Dialectic in Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Chhamana Athaguntha.” In Satya P. Mohanty, ed. Colonialism, Modernity and Literature: The View from India. New York, Palgrave-Macmillan.
- Day, Lal Behari (1874). Bengal Peasant Life or Govinda Samanta. London, Methuen.
- Devasia, Anitha (2005). “Preface.” In O. Chandumenon. Indulekha. Trans. Anitha Devasia. Delhi, Oxford University Press, pp. xiii-xviii.
- Devasia, Anitha and Susie Tharu (2005). “Englishing Indulekha: Translation, the Novel and History.” In P.C. Kar, ed. Critical Theory: Western and Eastern. Delhi, Pencraft, pp. 56-77.
- Gupta, Dipankar (2000). Mistaken Modernity: India between Worlds. Delhi, HarperCollins.
- JanMohammed, Abdul (2002 [1984]). “Sophisticated Primitivism: The Syncretism of Oral and Literate Modes in Achebe’s Things Fall Apart. In Harold Bloom, ed. Chinua Achebe’s Things Fall Apart: Modern Critical Interpretations. Philadelphia, Chelsea House Publishers, pp. 41-56.
- Krishnan, Mini (2008). “New Worlds.” Literary Review, The Hindu, May 4, p. 1-2.
- Mishra, Rabi (2004). “Chha Mana Atha Guntha: The Language of Power and the Silences of a Woman.” In J.K. Nayak, ed. Fakir Mohan Senapati: Perspectives on His fiction. Jagatsingpur, Prafulla Pathagara, pp. 147-170.
- Misra, Nuri (1969). A Plot of Land. Cuttack, Cuttack Students Store.
- Mohanty, Satya P. (2005). “Introduction.” In Fakir Mohan Senapati. Six Acres and a Third. Trans. R.S. Mishra, J.K. Nayak, S.P. Mohanty and Paul St-Pierre. California, University of California Press, pp. 1-31.
- MOHANTY, Satya P. (2006). “Two Classic Novels of Village India,” Economic and Political Weekly, November 18, pp. 4782-4788.
- Mohanty, Satya P. (2008). “Thinking Across Cultures.” An Interview with Satya P. Mohanty. English at CORNELL, 11, Fall, pp. 1-4.
- Mohapatra, Himansu S. and J.K. Nayak (1996). “Writing Peasant Life in Colonial India.” Toronto Review of Contemporary Writing Abroad, Spring, pp. 29-40.
- Mohapatra, Himansu S. (2003). “English at the Crossroads.” The Statesman, June 6.
- Mohapatra, Himansu S. (2006). “A Signature Novel.” The Hindu Literary Review. March 6, p. 6.
- Mohapatra, Himansu S. (2008). “Two Classic Tales of Village India.” Economic and Political Weekly, December 13-19, pp. 62-69.
- Mohapatra, Himansu S. (2009). “Seeding bhasa.” Himal South Asian, October-November, pp. 112-114.
- Mukherjee, Sujit (1994). Translation as Discovery. Hyderabad, Orient Longman.
- Natarajan, Nalini (2000). “Reluctant Janeites: Daughterly Value in Jane Austen and Sarat Chandra Chatterjee’s Swami.” In You-me Park and Rajeswari Sunder Rajan, eds. The Postcolonial Jane Austen. London, Routledge, pp. 141-162.
- Pattanaik, Dipti R. (2000). “The Power of Translation: A Survey of Translation in Orissa”. In Sherry Simon and Paul St-Pierre, eds. Changing the Terms. Ottawa, Ottawa University Press, pp. 71-86.
- Sawyer, Paul L. (2006). “An Oriya Village and the Battle of Plassey: Senapati’s Allegory of the Raj.” Economic and Political Weekly, November 18, pp. 4782-4788.
- Scholes, Robert (1998). The Rise and Fall of English: Reconstructing English as a Discipline. New Haven, Yale University Press.
- Senapati, B.M. and A.M. (1967). Six Acres and a Half. Delhi, Publications Division of Ministry of Information and Broadcasting.
- Senapati, Fakir Mohan (2002 [1902]). Chhamana Athaguntha. In K.C. Behera and D.K. Das, eds. Fakir Mohan Granthabali, vol. 1, Cuttack, Grantha Mandir.
- Senapati, Fakir Mohan (2005 [1902]). Six Acres and a Third. Trans. R.S. Mishra, J.K. Nayak, S.P. Mohanty and Paul St-Pierre. California, University of California Press.
- Srivastava, Neelam (2005). “Midnight’s Children and A Suitable Boy: Challenges of Rendering Indian Experiences into English.” In Murari Prasad, ed. Vikram Seth’s A Suitable Boy. Delhi, Pencraft, pp. 44-61.
- St-Pierre, Paul (2005). “Translation in an Era of Globalization.” In Paul St-Pierre and P.C. Kar, eds. In Translation: Reflections, Refractions, Transformations. Delhi, Pencraft, pp. 162-172.
- St-Pierre, Paul (2004). “Translating (into) the Language of the Colonizers.” In J.K. Nayak, ed. Fakir Mohan Senapati: Perspectives on His Fiction. Jagatsingpur, Prafulla Pathagara, pp. 235-275.
- St-Pierre, Paul (1997). “Translating Cultural Difference: Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Chha Mana Atha Guntha.” META, 42, 2, pp. 423-437.
- Sunder Rajan, Rajeswari, ed. (1992). The Lie of the Land: English Literary Studies in India. Delhi, Oxford University Press.
- Trivedi, Harish (1996). “India and Postcolonial Discourse.” In Trivedi and Meenakshi Mukherjee, ed. Interrogating Postcolonialism: Theory, Text, Context. Shimla, Indian Institute of Advanced Studies, pp. 231-247.
- Wright, Laura and Jonathan Hope (2002). “Linguistics and Postcolonial Literature: Englishes in the Classroom.” In Ato Quayson and David Theo Goldberg, eds. Relocating Postcolonialism. Oxford, Basil Blackwell, pp. 345-348.
10.7202/004300ar