Résumés
Abstract
The paper builds upon the concepts of the right to the city and urban commoning, to advance the theory of housing commons. Moreover, it draws on selected initiatives to highlight commonalities and differences, and to portray the diversity of contemporary housing commons. We articulate the framework of urban commoning that urban commoners proclaim through Lefebvre’s (1968) right to the city, i.e., urban dwellers’ collective right and power over urban qualities and the urbanization processes. This has been embraced by the new social urban movements to deploy a range of actions and organizational forms, referred to as urban commoning for housing provision and the production of “common” built space, which are in conflict to neoliberal policies and the new urban enclosures. Along these lines the paper lays down a framework for understanding and analyzing housing commons as a social institution with social rights and responsibilities, founded on the principles of self-organization, de-commodification, social support and solidarity. On the empirical front, the paper analyses different (in spatial, political, organizational terms) cases of successful housing commons worldwide, to access their characteristics along the aforementioned principles. The paper concludes that in the present times, where housing problems and homelessness intensify, housing commons comprise not simply a mosaic of viable solutions, but a different mode of urban living imbued by the values of collectiveness, self-organization and solidarity.
Keywords:
- Activism,
- Commons,
- Dwelling,
- Urban space,
- Community,
- Public space,
- Vacancy,
- Gentrification,
- Spain,
- Uruguay
Résumé
Cet article traite les concepts du droit à la ville et des communs urbains pour arriver à la théorie des communs de logement. En outre, il souligne des initiatives pour mettre en lumière les points communs et les différences et exposer toute la diversité contemporaine des communs de logement. Nous retraçons le cadre théorique des communs urbains que les « urban commoners » proclament à travers Le Droit à la ville de Lefebvre (1968), c’est à dire, le pouvoir et le droit collectif des habitants des villes face aux qualités urbaines et aux processus d’urbanisation. Les nouveaux mouvements sociaux urbains ont embrassé cela et ont déployé toute une série d’actions et de formes d’organisation, que l’on appelle communs urbains pour palier à la demande de logements et la production d’un espace « commun » construit, qui sont en conflit avec les politiques néoliberales et les nouveaux espaces urbains. Dans ce sens, l’article établit un cadre pour comprendre et analyser les communs de logement comme une institution sociale avec des droits et responsabilités sociales, fondée sur les principes d’auto-organisation, de démarchandisation, de support social et de solidarité. Du côté empirique, l’article analyse différents cas de communs urbains qui fonctionnent à travers le monde (au niveau spatial, politique et organisationnel), afin d’accéder à ses caractéristiques avec les principes mentionnés auparavant. La conclusion de l’article est qu’à présent, avec l’augmentation des problèmes de logement et des sans-abris, les communs de logement n’incluent qu’une mosaïque de solutions viables, mais aussi un mode de vie urbaine différent gouverné par des valeurs de collectivité, d’auto-organisation et de solidarité.
Mots-clés :
- Biens communs,
- Espace public,
- Espace urbain,
- Communauté,
- Espagne,
- Uruguay,
- Activisme,
- Habiter,
- Inoccupation,
- Gentrification
Parties annexes
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