Résumés
Résumé
Cet article se penche sur l’impact de l’orientation idéologique du gouvernement sur les réformes de politiques sociales et de santé dans les pays de l’OCDE. Nous assemblons une base de données regroupant 21 pays de 1970 à 2019 et proposons un nouvel indice de démarchandisation des soins de santé. Nous appuyant sur le concept de partage et de concentration des risques sociaux, nous démontrons que l’idéologie des partis politiques a plus d’impact sur les politiques sociales que sur les politiques de santé. Contrairement à notre hypothèse, les partis de droite ne sont pas plus susceptibles de favoriser des réformes laissant une place plus grande au privé dans les soins de santé, sauf aux États-Unis où l’on observe une forte polarisation partisane. L’idéologie du gouvernement n’influence pas davantage les réformes de santé dans les systèmes de santé nationaux où l’État peut plus facilement imposer des changements que dans les systèmes assurantiels.
Mots-clés :
- idéologie,
- politiques de santé,
- politiques sociales,
- privatisation,
- systèmes de santé
Abstract
This article focuses on the ideological orientation of governments undertaking reforms to social and health policies in OECD countries. It assembles a new dataset based on 21 countries from 1970 to 2019 and proposes a new index of decommodification for health care. Based on the idea of sharing and concentrating social risks, this article shows how the ideology of political parties have more impact on social policies than health policies. Contrary to our hypothesis, parties on the right are not more likely to favour reforms that open more space to private care in the health system, outside of the United States where a strong partisan polarization is found. A government’s ideology doesn’t exert any additional influence on reforms to national health care systems, where the State can more easily impose changes, as compared to insurance-based systems.
Keywords:
- Ideology,
- health policies,
- social policies,
- privatization,
- health care systems
Resumen
Este artículo examina el impacto de la orientación ideológica de los gobiernos en las reformas de las políticas sociales y sanitarias en los países de la OCDE. Montamos una base de datos que abarca 21 países de 1970 a 2019, y proponemos un nuevo índice de desmercantilización de los servicios de salud. Apoyándonos en el concepto de distribución y concentración de los riesgos sociales, mostramos que la ideología de los partidos políticos tiene un mayor impacto en las políticas sociales que en las políticas sanitarias. Contrariamente a nuestra hipótesis, los partidos de derecha no son más propensos a favorecer reformas que dejen un mayor espacio al sector privado de la salud, excepto en Estados-Unidos, donde existe una fuerte polarización partidista. La ideología gubernamental tampoco influye en las reformas del sector de la salud de los sistemas sanitarios nacionales donde el Estado puede imponer cambios más fácilmente que en los sistemas basados en seguros.
Palabras clave:
- ideología,
- políticas de salud,
- políticas sociales,
- privatización,
- sistemas de salud
Parties annexes
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