Résumés
Résumé
Objectifs Les pompiers sont répétitivement confrontés à des incidents critiques (IC) au travail, c’est-à-dire des événements qui perturbent significativement le fonctionnement habituel d’un individu (p. ex. échec d’une intervention, accidents graves, critique médiatique). Une exposition répétée à de tels incidents augmente leur vulnérabilité au développement de blessures de stress post-traumatiques (BSPT). Au Canada, environ 30 % des pompiers rencontrent les seuils cliniques pour au moins une BSPT ; les plus couramment observés étant la dépression, le trouble de stress post-traumatique (TSPT), l’anxiété, l’usage d’alcool et les idéations suicidaires. La présente étude a pour objectif de : 1) décrire la fréquence des IC auxquels les pompiers sont confrontés au travail ; et 2) identifier les différents types d’IC associés aux BSPT.
Méthode Cette recherche repose sur une utilisation secondaire des données transversales recueillies en 2018 dans le cadre d’un partenariat avec un service de sécurité incendie québécois. Dans ce contexte, 690 pompiers ont répondu à un sondage visant à évaluer la santé psychologique de manière générale. Les participants y ont rapporté les IC auxquels ils avaient été confrontés durant leur carrière. Des questionnaires standardisés ont été utilisés pour mesurer les symptômes de dépression, d’anxiété généralisée, du TSPT, du trouble d’usage d’alcool, de consommation de substance et les idéations suicidaires.
Résultats Les résultats indiquent que les incidents rares et graves, notamment la panne d’équipement critique, sont fortement liés à divers BSPT ; tandis que les incidents fréquents sont associés à l’anxiété généralisée et à la dépression. La critique négative des médias apparaît aussi comme un facteur de stress majeur associé à plusieurs BSPT.
Conclusion Face à la vulnérabilité accrue des pompiers aux BSPT, cette étude souligne l’importance de prendre en compte la diversité d’IC rencontrés au travail ainsi que l’influence de facteurs contextuels, comme la critique médiatique. Elle met également l’accent sur la nécessité d’approches transdiagnostiques et de dispositifs d’intervention ancrés dans la réalité professionnelle de ces travailleurs pour mieux soutenir leur santé mentale.
Mots-clés :
- pompiers,
- incidents critiques,
- typologie,
- risques opérationnels,
- blessures de stress post-traumatique,
- bien-être
Abstract
Objectives Firefighters are repeatedly confronted with critical incidents (CIs) at work, which are events that significantly disrupt an individual’s normal functioning (e.g. failed interventions, serious accidents, media criticism). Repeated exposure to such incidents increases their vulnerability to developing post-traumatic stress injuries (PTSIs). In Canada, approximately 30% of firefighters meet the clinical thresholds for at least one PTSI; the most commonly observed being depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), anxiety, alcohol use, and suicidal ideations. The objectives of this study are to 1) describe the frequency of CIs that firefighters encounter at work and 2) identify the different types of CIs associated with PTSIs.
Method This research is based on secondary use of cross-sectional data collected in 2018 as part of a partnership with a Quebec fire department. In this context, 690 firefighters responded to a survey designed to assess their overall psychological health. Participants reported on the CIs they had experienced during their careers. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure symptoms of depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, alcohol use disorder, substance use, and suicidal ideations.
Results The results indicate that rare and serious incidents, particularly critical equipment failure, are strongly linked to various PTSI, while frequent incidents are associated with generalized anxiety and depression. Negative media criticism also appears to be a major stress factor associated with several PTSIs.
Conclusion Given firefighters’ increased vulnerability to PTSIs, this study highlights the importance of considering the diversity of CIs encountered at work as well as the influence of contextual factors such as media criticism. It also emphasizes the need for transdiagnostic approaches and intervention measures rooted in the professional reality of these workers to better support their mental health.
Keywords:
- firefighters,
- critical incidents,
- typology,
- operational risks,
- post-traumatic stress injuries,
- well-being
Parties annexes
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