ror.org/051escj72
Résumés
Résumé
Pour répondre aux nombreux défis que rencontre l’agriculture en Afrique subsaharienne, l’accompagnement à l’innovation et à l’entrepreneuriat innovant et inclusif est fondamental. À ce jour, les recherches dans ce domaine se sont centrées sur les services fournis par les différents acteurs, mais sans s’intéresser aux phénomènes de coordination entre les acteurs qui fournissent ces services. Cet article propose de combler ce manque en étudiant un écosystème de services supports à l’innovation (ESSI) qui s’est mis en place pour accompagner la création du label Bio-SPG au Burkina Faso. Nous avons réalisé une étude de cas historique de cet écosystème à travers des enquêtes auprès des acteurs directement impliqués et la consultation de données secondaires. Les résultats font état d’une mise en place en trois temps de cet écosystème (phases préliminaire, d’initiation et de montée en puissance), de trois niveaux de relations entre les acteurs (fortes, faibles et de l’ordre du contexte) et de l’existence d’une organisation hub qui remplit plusieurs rôles, notamment de mise en relation et de mobilisation des acteurs. Ce travail appelle à approfondir ces questions d’ESSI en Afrique subsaharienne, de rôles de l’organisation hub et de compétences nécessaires pour les assumer.
Mots-clés :
- Organisations agricoles,
- services supports à l’innovation,
- écosystème,
- label,
- Burkina Faso
Abstract
To respond to the many challenges faced by agriculture in sub-Saharan Africa, support to innovation and innovative and inclusive entrepreneurship is fundamental. To date, research in this area has focused on the services provided by the different actors, but without focusing on the coordination phenomena between the actors who provide these services. This article proposes to fill this gap by studying an innovation support services ecosystem (ISSE) that was set up to support the creation of the Bio-SPG label in Burkina Faso. We carried out a historical case study of this ecosystem through surveys of the actors directly involved and the consultation of secondary data. The results show a three-stage implementation of this ecosystem (preliminary, initiation and ramp-up phases), three levels of relationships between the actors (strong, weak and context-related) and the existence of a hub organization which fulfils several roles, in particular connecting and mobilizing stakeholders. This work calls for delving deeper into these questions of ISSE in sub-Saharan Africa, the roles of the hub organization and the competence required to assume them.
Keywords:
- Agricultural organizations,
- innovation support services,
- ecosystem,
- label,
- Burkina Faso
Parties annexes
Bibliographie
- Ahrne, G. et Brunsson, N. (2005). Organizations and meta-organizations. Scandinavian Journal of Management, 21(4), 429‑449. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scaman.2005.09.005
- Ahuja, G., Soda, G. et Zaheer, A. (2012). The genesis and dynamics of organizational networks. Organization Science, 23(2), 434‑448. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1110.0695
- Attour, A. et Ayerbe, C. (2012). Connaissances et innovation au sein des écosystèmes d’affaires : le cas des services mobiles. Revue française de gestion, 38(221), 77‑94. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.221.77-94
- Attour, A. et Ayerbe, C. (2015). Le management amont et aval des droits de propriété intellectuelle au sein des écosystèmes-plateformes naissants. Systèmes d’information et management, 20(3), 47-96. https://doi.org/10.3917/sim.153.0047
- Attour, A. et Barbaroux, P. (2016). Architectural knowledge and the birth of a platform ecosystem: A case study. Journal of Innovation Economics & Management, 19(1), 11‑30. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.019.0011
- Audouin, S., Raharison, T., Rabesoa, J., Noharinjanahary, E. S., Ranaivoson, R. et Triomphe, B. (2021). To what extent can local-led innovation platforms tackle complex agricultural development challenges? Insights from Madagascar. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 29(2), 149-172. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1997769
- Barbaroux, P. (2014). Innovation disruptive et naissance d’un écosystème : voyage aux origines de l’internet. Revue d’économie industrielle, 146, 27‑59. https://doi.org/10.4000/rei.5787
- Becattini, G. (1979). Dal settore industriale al distretto industriale : Alla ricerca dell’unità d’indagine della economia industriale. Rivista di economia e politica industriale. Il Mulino.
- Cap, J.-P., Blaich, E., Kohl, H., von Raesfeld, A., Harms, R. et Will, M. (2019). Multi level network management: A method for managing inter-organizational innovation networks. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 51, 21‑32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jengtecman.2019.02.001
- Cohen, B. (2006). Sustainable valley entrepreneurial ecosystems. Business Strategy and the Environment, 15(1), 1‑14. https://doi.org/10.1002/bse.428
- Cohendet, P., Simon, L. et Sarazin, B. (2017). Synthèse des théories sur les communautés d’innovation. Dans P. Cohendet et L. Simon (dir.), Les communautés d’innovation (p. 13‑34). Éditions EMS. https://doi.org/10.3917/ems.saraz.2017.01.0013
- Côte, F.-X., Rapidel, B., Sourisseau, J.-M., Affholder, F., Caron, P., Deguine, J.-P., Faure, G., Hainzelin, E., Malézieux, E., Poirier-Magona, E., Roudier, P., Scopel, E., Tixier, P., Toillier, A. et Perret, S. (2019). Agroecological transition of agriculture in the countries of the Global South: Taking stock and perspectives. Dans F.-X. Côte, E. Poirier-Magona, S. Perret, P. Roudier, B. Rapidel et M.-C. Thirion (dir.), The agroecological transition of agricultural systems in the Global South (p. 327‑349). Éditions Quæ. https://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3057-0
- Daidj, N. (2011). Les écosystèmes d’affaires : une nouvelle forme d’organisation en réseau? Management & Avenir, 46(6), 105‑130. https://doi.org/10.3917/mav.046.0105
- Dedehayir, O., Mäkinen, S. J. et Roland Ortt, J. (2018). Roles during innovation ecosystem genesis: A literature review. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 18‑29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.11.028
- Détang-Dessendre, C., Guyomard, H., Geerling-Eiff, F. et Poppe, K. (2018). EU agriculture and innovation: What role for the CAP? INRA/WUR.
- Dhanaraj, C. et Parkhe, A. (2006). Orchestrating innovation networks. Academy of Management Review, 31(3), 659‑669. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.21318923
- Ekboir, J. M. et Cruz, A. O. V. (2012). Intermediary organisations to foster the agricultural system of innovation: The Mexican
- Produce Foundation. International Journal of Technological Learning, Innovation and Development, 5(1/2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTLID.2012.044879
- Faure, G., Knierim, A., Koutsouris, A., Ndah, H. T., Audouin, S., Zarokosta, E., Wielinga, E., Triomphe, B., Mathé, S., Temple, L. et Heanue, K. (2019). How to strengthen innovation support services in agriculture with regard to multi-stakeholder approaches. Journal of Innovation Economics, 28(1), 145-169. https://doi.org/10.3917/jie.028.0145
- Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry, 12(2), 219‑245. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077800405284363
- Fréry, F., Gratacap, A. et Isckia, T. (2012). Les écosystèmes d’affaires, par-delà la métaphore. Revue française de gestion, 38(222), 69‑75. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.222.69-75
- Frow, P., McColl-Kennedy, J. R. et Payne, A. (2016). Co-creation practices: Their role in shaping a health care ecosystem. Industrial Marketing Management, 56, 24‑39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2016.03.007
- Grab, E. (2017). Michelin développe l’innovation en écosystème. Dans P. Cohendet et L. Simon (dir.), Les communautés d’innovation (p. 121-138). Éditions EMS. https://doi.org/10.3917/ems.saraz.2017.01.0121
- Granovetter, M. (1983). The strength of weak ties: A network theory revisited. Sociological Theory, 1, 201-233. https://doi.org/10.2307/202051
- Gueguen, G. et Torrès, O. (2004). La dynamique concurrentielle des écosystèmes d’affaires : Linux contre Microsoft. Revue française de gestion, 158(1), 227‑248. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.148.227-248
- Gulati, R., Puranam, P. et Tushman, M. (2012). Meta-organization design: Rethinking design in interorganizational and community contexts. Strategic Management Journal, 33(6), 571‑586. https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.1975
- Haniff, A. P. et Galloway, L. (2022). Modeling strategic alignment in project networks. International Journal of Project Management, 40(5), 517‑530. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.05.001
- Heeks, R., Foster, C. et Nugroho, Y. (2014). New models of inclusive innovation for development. Innovation and Development, 4(2), 175‑185. https://doi.org/10.1080/2157930X.2014.928982
- Iansiti, M. et Levien, R. (2004a). Strategy as ecology. Harvard Business Review, 82(3), 68‑126. https://hbr.org/2004/03/strategy-as-ecology
- Iansiti, M. et Levien, R. (2004b). The keystone advantage: What the new dynamics of business ecosystems mean for strategy, innovation, and sustainability. Harvard Business School Press.
- Kapucu, N. et Demiroz, F. (2015). A social network analysis approach to strengthening nonprofit collaboration. Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, 20(1), 87‑101. http://dx.doi.org/10.9774/GLEAF.3709.2015.ja.00007
- Kilelu, C. W., Klerkx, L. et Leeuwis, C. (2013). Unravelling the role of innovation platforms in supporting co-evolution of innovation: Contributions and tensions in a smallholder dairy development programme. Agricultural Systems, 118, 65‑77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2013.03.003
- Klerkx, L. et Begemann, S. (2020). Supporting food systems transformation: The what, why, who, where and how of mission-oriented agricultural innovation systems. Agricultural Systems, 184, 102901. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2020.102901
- Klerkx, L., Hall, A. et Leeuwis, C. (2009). Strengthening agricultural innovation capacity: Are innovation brokers the answer? International Journal of Agricultural Resources, Governance and Ecology, 8(5/6), 409-438. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJARGE.2009.032643
- Labarthe, P., Sutherland, L.-A., Elzen, B. et Adamsone-Fiskovica, A. (2018, juillet). Advisory role in farmers’ micro systems of agricultural knowledge and innovation (microAKIS). 13e Symposium européen d’IFSA, Chania (Grèce). https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214609870
- Loilier, T. et Malherbe, M. (2012). Le développement des compétences écosystémiques : le cas de l’ESA émergent des services mobiles sans contact. Revue française de gestion, 3(222), 89-105. https://www.cairn.info/revue-francaise-de-gestion-2012-3-page-89.htm
- Lusch, R. F., Vargo, S. L. et Gustafsson, A. (2016). Fostering a trans-disciplinary perspectives of service ecosystems. Journal of Business Research, 69(8), 2957‑2963. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.02.028
- Marshall, A. (1890). Principles of economics. Macmillan and Co.
- Marshall, M. N. (1996). Sampling for qualitative research. Family Practice, 13(6), 522‑526. https://doi.org/10.1093/fampra/13.6.522
- Mason, J. (1996). Qualitative researching (1re éd.). SAGE.
- Mason, C. et Brown, D. R. (2014). Entrepreneurial ecosystems and growth oriented entrepreneurship [Document de travail pour atelier]. OECD.
- Mathé, S., Faure, G., Knierim, A., Koutsouris, A., Ndah, T., Temple, L., Triomphe, B., Wielinga, E. et Zarakosta, E. (2016). AgriSpin: Typology of innovation support services – Deliverable 1.4. AgriSpin. https://agritrop.cirad.fr/584034/1/20161009%20AGRISPIN%20Deliverable%201.4_final%20version.pdf
- Mira-Bonnardel, S., Géniaux, I. et Serrafero, P. (2012). Naissance d’un écosystème d’affaires : entre stratégie délibérée et stratégie chemin faisant. Revue française de gestion, 38(222), 123‑134. https://doi.org/10.3166/rfg.222.123-134
- Moore, J. F. (1993). Predators and prey: A new ecology of competition. Harvard Business Review, 71(3), 75‑86. https://hbr.org/1993/05/predators-and-prey-a-new-ecology-of-competition
- Ndah, H. T., Knierim, A., Gerster-Bentaya, M., Mathé, S., Audouin, S., Crestin-Billet, S., Randrianarison, N., Toillier, A., Melachio, M., Fongang, G. et Temple, L. (2020). Guidelines for applying the methodology and tools for characterizing innovation support services and providers – SERVInnov project: Deliverable 1.2. Universität Hohenheim. https://publications.cirad.fr/une_notice.php?dk=595611
- Nenonen, S., Gummerus, J. et Sklyar, A. (2018). Game-changers: Dynamic capabilities’ influence on service ecosystems. Journal of Service Management, 29(4), 569‑592. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-02-2017-0025
- Plate-forme pour l’agriculture tropicale. (2017). Cadre commun de travail pour le renforcement des capacités des systèmes d’innovation agricole : fondements conceptuels. CAB International. https://www.cabi.org/Uploads/CABI/about-us/4.8.5-other-business-policies-and-strategies/TAP%20Conceptual%20background%20(French).pdf
- Popp, J. K., Milward, H. B., MacKean, G., Casebeer, A. et Lindstrom, R. (2014). Inter-organizational networks: A review of the literature to inform practice. IBM Center for the Business of Government.
- Porter, M. E. (1998). Clusters and the new economics of competition. Harvard Business Review. https://hbr.org/1998/11/clusters-and-the-new-economics-of-competition
- Provan, K. G. et Kenis, P. (2007). Modes of network governance: Structure, management, and effectiveness. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 18(2), 229‑252. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/mum015
- Ruffieux, B. (1991). Micro-système d’innovation et formes spatiales de développement industriel. Dans R. Arena, L. Benzoni, J. De Bandt et P.-M. Romani (dir.), Traité d’économie industrielle (p. 373‑382). Economica.
- Spigel, B. (2016). Developing and governing entrepreneurial ecosystems: The structure of entrepreneurial support programs in Edinburgh, Scotland. International Journal of Innovation and Regional Development, 7(2), 141. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJIRD.2016.077889
- Spigel, B. et Harrison, R. (2018). Toward a process theory of entrepreneurial ecosystems. Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal, 12(1), 151‑168. https://doi.org/10.1002/sej.1268
- Tabutin, D. et Schoumaker, B. (2020). La démographie de l’Afrique subsaharienne au XXIe siècle : bilan des changements de 2000 à 2020, perspectives et défis d’ici 2050. Population, 75(2), 169-295. https://doi.org/10.3917/popu.2002.0169
- Theodoraki, C. (2017). Pour une approche écosystémique de la stratégie et de la performance des incubateurs [Thèse de doctorat]. Uni-versité de Montpellier. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03103972v1/document
- Toillier, A., Kola, P., Mathé, S., Tsafak, S., Dabiré, D. et Triomphe, B. (2019). The ecologisation of agriculture through the prism of collaborative innovation. Dans F.-X. Côte, E. Poirier-Magona, S. Perret, P. Roudier, B. Rapidel, et M.-C. Thirion (dir.), The agroecological transition of agricultural systems in the Global South (p. 251‑270). Éditions Quæ. https://doi.org/10.35690/978-2-7592-3057-0
- Toillier, A., Kola, P., Sempore, A., Audouin, S., Mathé, S. et Traoré, O. (2021). Mapping innovation support services in the as-sessment of agricultural innovation system: Evidence of functional gaps and new perspectives for innovation policies in support to sustaina-ble agriculture. ESEE.
- Toillier, A., Mathé, S., Saley Moussa, A. et Faure, G. (2022). How to assess agricultural innovation systems in a transformation perspective: A Delphi consensus study. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 28(2), 163‑185. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2021.1953548
- Tsujimoto, M., Kajikawa, Y., Tomita, J. et Matsumoto, Y. (2018). A review of the ecosystem concept: Towards coherent ecosystem design. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 136, 49‑58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.06.032
- Valente, M. et Oliver, C. (2018). Meta-organization formation and sustainability in Sub-Saharan Africa. Organization Science, 29(4), 678‑701. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2017.1191
- Vargo, S. L. et Lusch, R. F. (2016). Institutions and axioms: An extension and update of service-dominant logic. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 44(1), 5‑23. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-015-0456-3
- Vargo, S. L., Wieland, H. et Akaka, M. A. (2015). Innovation through institutionalization: A service ecosystems perspective. Industrial Marketing Management, 44, 63‑72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2014.10.008
- World Bank. (2012). Agricultural innovation systems: An investment sourcebook. World Bank. https://doi.org/10.1596/978-0-8213-8684-2
- Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods (4e éd.). SAGE.