Résumés
Abstract
Purpose: Simulation using immersive virtual reality (IVR) is gaining in popularity in nursing pedagogy. Considering its innovative character, it is essential to tailor the integration of IVR simulation based on the acceptability and feasibility reported by nursing students. Moreover, little is known about its effects compared to other simulation types, such as standardized patient simulation (SPS). This study aimed to compare the acceptability, feasibility, and perceived effects of IVR and SPS activities among undergraduate nursing students.
Method: A pilot mixed-methods randomized crossover-controlled trial over two campuses in the province of Quebec was completed. The sample included undergraduate nursing students (n = 14). Participants were randomly assigned to begin with IVR or SPS, followed by the other modality. Data collection included post-assessments regarding acceptability, cognitive load, engagement, situational motivation, and satisfaction after each simulation type. We performed Wilcoxon tests using SPSS. We conducted individual or dyad interviews using a semi-structured interview guide addressing acceptability and feasibility. Three team members analyzed verbatim transcripts. Inductive coding was used to explore emerging ideas, followed by deductive coding to categorize initial codes within the predefined dimensions of acceptability and feasibility from Sidani and Braden’s (2021) framework. Summary tables were produced to condense data.
Results: Acceptability was conceptualized in five dimensions: appropriateness, convenience, effectiveness, adherence, and risks. Feasibility was separated into five subthemes: quality of trainers, preparation of participants, material resources, context, and fidelity of the scenario. Participants appreciated the various possibilities and immersive aspects of IVR, such as practising in a safe environment and the innovative, fun experience. A qualitative improvement in patient assessment structure, fluidity, priority establishment, clinical reasoning, and autonomy was also reported. The fidelity of the scenario was deemed higher for IVR than for SPS, according to participants who discussed the use of IVR for evaluation. However, some nuances in implementing IVR, such as targeted competencies, technical problems, equipment comfort, familiarization, and risks of cybersickness should be considered before IVR implementation in nursing education. Furthermore, quantitative results indicated comparable results between IVR and SPS simulations across all variables. No statistically significant difference was found between the two modalities.
Conclusion: The implementation of IVR appears acceptable and feasible for undergraduate nursing students, with particular attention to certain factors to ensure optimal outcomes. Quantitative results suggest comparable outcomes, highlighting points of convergence of the two simulation approaches in nursing education. These findings underline the importance of seeking the opinions of primary users when introducing innovative pedagogical interventions. Despite the study’s limitations, this pilot research provides insights into using IVR and SPS activities with nursing students. Future research should focus on testing IVR for evaluation purposes in nursing curricula.
Keywords:
- immersive virtual reality,
- standardized patient,
- simulation,
- acceptability,
- feasibility,
- effects,
- mixed-methods
Résumé
Objectif : La simulation par réalité virtuelle immersive (RVI) gagne en popularité en pédagogie infirmière. Compte tenu de son caractère novateur, il est essentiel d’adapter l’intégration de la simulation par RVI en fonction de l’acceptabilité et de la faisabilité déclarées par les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières. De plus, ses effets sont peu connus par rapport à d’autres types de simulation, comme la simulation de patients standardisés (SPS). Cette étude visait à comparer l’acceptabilité, la faisabilité et les effets perçus des activités de RVI et de SPS chez des étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières de premier cycle.
Méthode : Une étude pilote par essai randomisé croisé-contrôlé à méthodes mixtes a été réalisée sur deux campus au Québec. L’échantillon comprenait des étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières de premier cycle (n = 14). Les participantes et participants ont été répartis aléatoirement pour débuter avec la simulation par RVI ou la SPS, puis utiliser l’autre méthode par la suite. La collecte de données comprenait des évaluations concernant l’acceptabilité, la charge cognitive, l’engagement, la motivation situationnelle et la satisfaction après chaque type de simulation. Nous avons effectué des tests de Wilcoxon à l’aide de SPSS et mené des entrevues individuelles ou en dyade à l’aide d’un guide d’entrevue semi-structuré portant sur l’acceptabilité et la faisabilité. Trois membres de l’équipe ont analysé les transcriptions verbatim. Un codage inductif a été utilisé pour explorer les idées émergentes, suivi d’un codage déductif pour catégoriser les codes initiaux selon les dimensions prédéfinies d’acceptabilité et de faisabilité du cadre de Sidani et Braden (2021). Des tableaux récapitulatifs ont été produits pour condenser les données.
Résultats : L’acceptabilité a été conceptualisée selon cinq dimensions : pertinence, convivialité, efficacité, adhésion et risques. La faisabilité a été divisée en cinq sous-thèmes : qualité des formatrices et formateurs, préparation des participantes et participants, ressources matérielles, contexte et fidélité du scénario. Les participantes et participants ont aimé les diverses possibilités et les aspects immersifs de la simulation par RVI, tels que la pratique dans un environnement sécuritaire et l’expérience novatrice et ludique. Une amélioration qualitative de la structure d’évaluation des patients, de la fluidité, de l’établissement des priorités, du raisonnement clinique et de l’autonomie a également été signalée. La fidélité du scénario a été jugée plus élevée pour la simulation par RVI que pour la SPS, selon les participantes et participants ayant discuté de l’utilisation de la simulation par RVI à des fins d’évaluation. Cependant, certaines nuances dans la mise en oeuvre de la simulation par RVI, telles que les compétences ciblées, les problèmes techniques, le confort de l’équipement, la familiarisation et les risques de cybercinétose (mal du virtuel), doivent être prises en compte avant son introduction dans la formation en sciences infirmières. De plus, les résultats quantitatifs ont indiqué des résultats comparables entre les simulations par RVI et SPS pour l’ensemble des variables. Aucune différence statistiquement significative n’a été constatée entre les deux modalités.
Conclusion : La mise en oeuvre de la simulation par RVI semble acceptable et réalisable pour les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières de premier cycle, à condition qu’une attention particulière soit portée à certains facteurs afin de garantir des résultats optimaux. Les résultats quantitatifs suggèrent des résultats comparables, mettant en évidence les points de convergence des deux approches de simulation en formation en sciences infirmières. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de recueillir l’avis des principaux utilisateurs lors de l’introduction d’interventions pédagogiques novatrices. Malgré les limites de l’étude, cette étude pilote offre un aperçu de l’utilisation de la simulation par RVI et des activités de SPS auprès des étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières. Les recherches futures devraient se concentrer sur l’expérimentation de la simulation par RVI à des fins d’évaluation dans les programmes de formation en sciences infirmières.
Parties annexes
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