Résumés
Abstract
Concept analysis is a technique used to determine defining attributes, with the purpose of developing a concept to expand nursing knowledge. The interrogation of attributes, antecedents, and consequences aids in clarifying ambiguity with a view to developing an operational definition. Establishing a clear definition of a concept lays the groundwork for future research and practice. Nursing students embark on a sequenced set of clinical learning experiences as a primary component of their undergraduate program. Being bullied is common in clinical practicum experiences for nursing students and is often seen as unavoidable, resulting in negative impacts on student learning, health care team functioning deterioration, decreased quality of care for patients, and negative impacts on retention and satisfaction with the nursing profession. Numerous studies have investigated the concept of bullying in the profession, yet the range of how bullying manifests creates a challenge for analysis and agreement of the concept.
Rodgers’s (2000) evolutionary method was used for this literature-based concept analysis to lead to a meaningful understanding of the concept over time by identifying attributes, antecedents, and consequences. Attributes specific to bullying of nursing students in the clinical environment included intentionality, temporality, negative interactions, denied opportunities, and workload challenges. Several surrogate terms were identified in this analysis. Antecedents identified for bullying included power imbalances, working conditions, entrenched behaviour, and organizational dysfunction. Consequences associated with bullying affect students, the nursing profession, and the workplace. The most prevalent finding from this concept analysis is that bullying is used to describe many different types of behaviour. This analysis contributes to the foundation of evidence supporting the discussion around the need for continued clarity and further research on the phenomenon of bullying in the clinical environment. Further analysis is needed to clarify the concept of bullying to expand knowledge in the nursing discipline by addressing the antecedents to influence change in nursing education. Clarity on how bullying is defined is necessary to facilitate recognizing and reporting bullying and developing effective interventions.
Résumé
Une analyse conceptuelle est une méthode utilisée pour cerner les attributs caractéristiques d’un concept dans le but de développer ce concept pour étendre les connaissances en sciences infirmières. L’examen des caractéristiques, antécédents et conséquences aident à lever les ambiguïtés en vue de formuler une définition opérationnelle. L’établissement d’une définition claire d’un concept jette les bases de la recherche et de la pratique futures. Les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières s’engagent dans un ensemble séquentiel d’expériences d’apprentissage clinique; une composante centrale de leur programme de premier cycle. Vivre de l’intimidation est courant dans les expériences de stage clinique des étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières et est souvent considéré comme étant inévitable. Cela a des répercussions négatives sur l’apprentissage, le fonctionnement des équipes de soins de santé, la qualité des soins pour les patients ainsi que la rétention et la satisfaction au sein de la profession infirmière. Plusieurs études ont porté sur l’intimidation dans la profession, mais les différentes formes qu’elle prend représentent un défi pour l’analyse et l’atteinte d’un consensus sur le concept.
La méthode évolutive de Rodgers (2000) a été utilisée, dans le cadre de cette analyse conceptuelle fondée sur la littérature, pour arriver à une bonne compréhension du concept au fil du temps en identifiant les caractéristiques, les antécédents et les conséquences. Les caractéristiques propres à l’intimidation d’étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières dans un milieu clinique comprennent l’intentionnalité, la temporalité, les interactions négatives, les opportunités refusées et les défis de la charge de travail. Cette analyse a fait ressortir plusieurs termes de remplacement. Les antécédents associés à l’intimidation comprennent les déséquilibres de pouvoir, les conditions de travail, les comportements ancrés et le dysfonctionnement organisationnel. Les répercussions de l’intimidation touchent les étudiantes et étudiants, les infirmières et infirmiers et le milieu de travail. Le principal constat de cette analyse conceptuelle est que l’intimidation est le terme utilisé pour décrire plusieurs types de comportement différents. Cette analyse contribue à l’établissement de preuves à l’appui des discussions au sujet de la nécessité d’une clarté toujours plus grande du phénomène de l’intimidation dans un milieu clinique et d’autres recherches à ce sujet. D’autres analyses sont nécessaires afin de clarifier le concept de l’intimidation pour étendre les connaissances au sein de la discipline infirmière; en se penchant sur les antécédents il sera possible d’influencer un changement dans la formation en sciences infirmières. La clarté de la définition de l’intimidation est nécessaire pour faciliter son identification et son signalement et mettre au point des interventions efficaces.
Parties annexes
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