Résumés
Abstract
Purpose: In 2021, the Ontario government began funding clinical externships to help hospitals faced with significant human health resource issues during the COVID-19 pandemic. Clinical externships provide students an opportunity to work alongside nurses as unregulated health care workers in hospitals. Limited research is available related to clinical externship programs in Ontario, with most research focusing on programs in the United States, measuring retention, and studying how students felt during or immediately after the completion of the programs. The aim of this study was to explore how newly graduated nurses (NGNs) felt their participation in a clinical externship program influenced their transition from student to nurse.
Methods: This study used interpretive description as its research methodology. Exploring associations, relationships, and patterns within a phenomenon while borrowing elements from the more traditional qualitative techniques, interpretive description was chosen to generate an understanding of participant experiences that would be relevant and useful to clinical practice. Using social media and purposive sampling, nurses in their first year of practice who worked as a clinical extern while in nursing school were recruited to participate. Eight NGNs completed interviews. Interviews were transcribed verbatim, and data analysis used a constant comparative approach.
Results: Three main themes emerged: developing self-efficacy, developing a professional identity, and being on the inside. Clinical externships gave participants exposure to the clinical setting over and above those offered by clinical placements and consolidations in the nursing program. This exposure provided participants the opportunity to develop self-efficacy in skills, assessments, and communication; start to develop a sense of themselves as nursing professionals; and gain an insider glimpse into the realities of nursing.
Conclusion: This study contributes to the knowledge of how clinical externships may influence the transition to practice of NGNs in Ontario and has several implications for various relevant groups. Nursing educators must advocate for adequate clinical exposure and hands-on experiences, integrating more experiential learning opportunities into nursing curriculum. Researchers, policy makers, and practice leaders must also collaborate to evaluate externship programs to help inform continued programs and opportunities for improvement.
Résumé
Objectif : En 2021, le gouvernement de l’Ontario a commencé à financer les externats en milieu clinique pour soutenir les hôpitaux confrontés à des problèmes importants de ressources humaines en santé pendant la pandémie de COVID-19. Les externats en milieu clinique donnent l’occasion aux étudiantes et étudiants de travailler aux côtés d’infirmières et infirmiers à titre de travailleuses et travailleurs de la santé non réglementés dans les hôpitaux. Peu d’études sont disponibles en lien avec les programmes d’externat en milieu clinique en Ontario. La plupart d’entre elles portent sur des programmes aux États-Unis, examinant la rétention et les impressions des étudiantes et étudiants pendant et immédiatement après leur externat. Cette étude vise à explorer la perception d’infirmières et infirmiers nouvellement diplômés de l’influence que la participation à un externat en milieu clinique a pu avoir sur leur transition des études à la profession.
Méthode : La méthodologie de recherche de description interprétative a été utilisée pour cette étude. Comme elle explore les associations, les relations et les patterns d’un phénomène, tout en empruntant des éléments aux méthodes qualitatives plus traditionnelles, la description interprétative a été choisie pour élaborer une compréhension des expériences des personnes participantes qui pourra être pertinente et utile à la pratique clinique. Afin de créer l’échantillon intentionnel, les infirmières et infirmiers dans leur première année de pratique qui ont participé à un externat en milieu clinique pendant leur formation infirmière ont été recrutés par l’entremise des médias sociaux. Des entrevues ont été réalisées auprès de huit infirmières et infirmiers nouvellement diplômés. Elles ont été transcrites, puis les données ont été analysées en faisant appel à une méthode de comparaison constante.
Résultats : Trois thèmes principaux ont été identifiés : le développement d’une auto-efficacité personnelle, la construction d’une identité professionnelle et l’expérience de l’intérieur. L’externat en milieu clinique a exposé les participantes et participants au milieu clinique bien au-delà des stages en milieu clinique et des stages d’intégration du programme en sciences infirmières. Les personnes participantes ont ainsi eu l’occasion de développer leur sentiment d’efficacité dans leurs habiletés, leurs évaluations de la santé et leur communication, de commencer à se considérer comme des professionnels et d’avoir un aperçu de l’intérieur des réalités de la profession infirmière.
Conclusion : Cette étude contribue au corpus de connaissances sur la façon dont les externats en milieu clinique peuvent influer sur la transition vers la pratique des infirmières et infirmiers nouvellement diplômés en Ontario. De plus, elle a plusieurs retombées pour différents groupes concernés. Les formatrices et formateurs en sciences infirmières doivent plaider en faveur d’une exposition suffisante en milieu clinique et d’expériences pratiques appropriée en intégrant davantage d’occasions d’apprentissage par l’expérience dans les programmes de sciences infirmières. Les chercheuses et chercheurs, décideurs politiques et leaders en milieux de pratique doivent également collaborer pour évaluer les programmes d’externat afin d’informer de manière continue les programmes sur les occasions d’amélioration.
Parties annexes
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