Résumés
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this scoping review was to systematically assemble, examine, and map the extant literature pertaining to the resilience among Indigenous nursing students in graduate programs.
Background: Although graduate preparation for health care professionals positively influences the health outcomes of recipients of care through participation in decision-making, advanced practice roles, education, policy development, and research, colonial frameworks present in the form of institutional or program-related barriers limit the number of Indigenous students to access graduate nursing programs. Moreover, entrenched Euro-Western epistemology and ontology that privilege certain knowledges and ways of knowing reinforce the understanding of resilience as being outcomes-based. Resilience among Indigenous Peoples, however, embraces ideas of transformation and adaptation that incorporate complex social dynamics and interpersonal processes that foster movement towards well-being, healing, and growth.
Design: A scoping review was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley (2005) and the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) framework (Moher et al., 2009) guided the reporting.
Method: Six databases were searched for relevant articles by a health sciences librarian. This was supplemented by hand searches and internet searches for grey literature. A total of 708 results published between 2000 and 2023 were retrieved from the six database searches. Following title and abstract screening, a total of 88 full-text articles were independently reviewed, resulting in two items for inclusion in the study.
Results: Two themes were identified from the review that may tangentially influence resilience among Indigenous graduate nursing students: identity and biculturalism. Gaps in the literature included limited global literature on resilience; no exploration of the explicit experience of resilience; study samples and populations frequently merging Indigenous students with marginalized students and Black and other racialized students, making it difficult to link findings with specific groups of participants; and reporting of support program development and evaluation of these programs.
Conclusion: This review highlighted that research on Indigenous graduate nursing students’ experience of resilience is lacking. Moreover, concepts such as biculturalism perpetuate a dichotomous and colonial understanding of Indigenous graduate nursing students’ experience of resilience.
Relevance to Universities and Nursing Education Programs: While strategies such as transition programs and talking circles are valuable as initial steps, governance approaches that produce program- and university-wide policies must be reconceptualized. While inclusion policies benefit student completion and retention rates, these policies do little to transform the academy. We suggest an Indigenous board of governors comprising Elders, local Indigenous scholars and educators, and Indigenous students whose mandate is to develop, implement, and oversee policies and practices that directly affect Indigenous students and allow them to become part of universities’ governance models.
Résumé
Objectif : L’objectif de cet examen de la portée était de regrouper, d’examiner et de cartographier de manière systémique la littérature existante sur la résilience des étudiantes et étudiants autochtones de programmes de cycles supérieurs en sciences infirmières.
Contexte : Bien que la formation aux cycles supérieurs des personnes professionnelles de la santé influence favorablement les résultats en matière de santé des bénéficiaires de soins grâce à une participation au niveau de la prise de décisions, des rôles de pratique avancée, de formation, d’élaboration de politiques et de recherche, les cadres coloniaux prenant la forme d’obstacles dans les établissements et les programmes limitent le nombre d’étudiantes et étudiants autochtones qui accèdent aux programmes des cycles supérieurs en sciences infirmières. De plus, l’épistémologie et l’ontologie euro-occidentales qui sont bien ancrées et qui privilégient certaines connaissances et modes de savoir, renforcent l’idée que la résilience est basée sur les résultats. Chez les Autochtones, la résilience englobe, toutefois, l’idée d’une transformation et d’une adaptation qui intègre des dynamiques sociales et des processus interpersonnels complexes favorisant une évolution vers le bien-être, la guérison et la croissance.
Devis : Un examen de la portée a été effectué en utilisant le cadre de Arksey et O’Malley (2005); le cadre PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) (Moher et al., 2009) a orienté le rapport.
Méthode : Le repérage d’articles pertinents a été effectué dans six bases de données par un bibliothécaire des sciences de la santé. Cela a été complété par des recherches manuelles et sur le Web pour de la littérature grise. Un total de 708 textes publiés entre 2000 et 2023 ont été extraits des six bases de données. Après un examen des titres et des résumés, les textes intégraux de 88 articles ont été passés en revue de façon indépendante. Deux articles ont été retenus pour l’étude.
Résultats : L’étude a mis en évidence deux thèmes qui pourraient influencer indirectement la résilience des étudiantes et étudiants autochtones des cycles supérieurs en sciences infirmières : l’identité et le biculturalisme. Parmi les lacunes de la littérature, notons une littérature globale limitée sur la résilience, l’absence d’exploration de l’expérience explicite de la résilience, des échantillons et populations à l’étude regroupant les étudiantes et étudiants autochtones avec des personnes noires et racialisées, ce qui complique l’établissement de liens entre les résultats et un groupe précis de participants et l’accent mis sur le développement et l’évaluation de programmes de soutien.
Conclusion : Cet examen de la portée a souligné le manque de recherche sur l’expérience de résilience des étudiantes et étudiants autochtones des cycles supérieurs en sciences infirmières. Par ailleurs, les idées comme le biculturalisme perpétuent une dichotomie et une compréhension coloniale du sujet.
Pertinence pour les universités et les programmes de formation en sciences infirmières : Alors que des stratégies telles que des programmes de transition et des cercles de parole sont utiles au départ, les approches de gouvernance sur lesquelles reposent les politiques des programmes et des universités doivent être modifiées. Bien que les politiques d’inclusion aient un effet positif sur les taux de réussite et de rétention des étudiantes et étudiants, elles ne contribuent guère à la transformation du milieu académique. Nous suggérons de former une assemblée de gouverneurs autochtones composée d’aînés, d’universitaires et d’enseignantes et enseignants autochtones locaux et d’étudiantes et étudiants autochtones dont le mandat consiste à élaborer, à mettre en œuvre et à encadrer les politiques et les pratiques ayant un effet direct sur les étudiantes et étudiants autochtones et de leur permettre de s’intégrer aux modèles de gouvernance des universités.
Parties annexes
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