Résumés
Abstract
Background: Nursing students may struggle with community placements, preferring hospital placements because of the emphasis on acute care. There are limited numbers of community health nurses available for students, so settings outside of health services can be used as venues for community health placements.
Purpose: We aimed to evaluate a pilot placement outside of health services setting in the context of a research study focused on harm reduction for people who use substances, to assess whether the placement was effective in engaging students with the full scope of community health nursing (CHN).
Methods: We evaluated students’ experiences in this clinical placement using a thematic analysis approach to semi-structured qualitative interviews. We recruited students after their placements were completed and their final grades were submitted.
Results: Three students participated in this evaluation and reported an increased understanding of CHN principles, such as social justice and equity, to address how social determinants of health affect clients. They also gained insight into the value of evidence-based practice and the full scope of CHN, particularly how it intersects with harm reduction. The nursing instructor role was critical to the success of the placement. Students wanted to have a higher level of interaction with people facing structural barriers to health during the placement.
Conclusion: Our placement outside of health services settings was effective in expanding nursing students’ understanding of the full scope of CHN practice, including social determinants of health. Future studies can expand on this pilot to assess the value of diverse community placements for students.
Résumé
Contexte : Les étudiantes et étudiants en sciences infirmières peuvent avoir une préférence pour les stages en milieu hospitalier plutôt que ceux en milieu communautaire, et ce compte tenu de l’accent mis sur les soins aigus. Le nombre d’infirmières et infirmiers en santé communautaire disponibles pour accueillir des étudiantes et étudiants étant limité, des milieux autres que des services de santé pourraient servir à des stages en santé communautaire.
Objectif : Notre objectif était d’évaluer un projet pilote de stages à l’extérieur du milieu des services de santé, dans le cadre d’une étude axée sur la réduction des méfaits pour les personnes souffrant de toxicomanie, afin de déterminer si un stage est un moyen efficace d’engager les étudiantes et étudiants dans la pleine étendue des soins infirmiers de santé communautaire.
Méthode: Nous avons évalué l’expérience d’étudiantes et étudiants lors de ces stages en milieu clinique par l’entremise d’une analyse thématique d’entrevues qualitatives semi-structurées. Les étudiantes et étudiants ont été recrutés après leur stage et l’attribution de leur note finale.
Résultats : Trois personnes, étudiantes ou étudiants, ont participé à cette évaluation et ont indiqué mieux comprendre les principes des soins infirmiers de santé communautaire, comme la justice sociale et l’équité, qui agissent sur les déterminants sociaux de la santé touchant les personnes. Ces étudiantes et étudiants ont également acquis une meilleure connaissance de l’importance d’une pratique fondée sur des résultats probants et de la portée des soins infirmiers de santé communautaire, plus particulièrement leurs liens avec la réduction des méfaits. Le rôle d’infirmière ou infirmier enseignant était essentiel à la réussite du stage. Pendant leur stage, les étudiantes et étudiants voulaient davantage d’interactions avec les personnes confrontées à des obstacles structurels qui nuisent à leur santé.
Conclusion : Notre stage à l’extérieur du milieu des services de santé a été efficace pour aider les étudiantes et étudiants à mieux comprendre la portée de la pratique des soins infirmiers de santé communautaire, notamment les déterminants sociaux de la santé. Les prochaines études pourront étendre la portée de ce projet pilote afin d’évaluer l’importance des stages diversifiés en milieu communautaire pour les étudiantes et étudiants.
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Ahmari Tehran, H., Gaeeni, M., Rezaei, M., Khoramirad, A., & Parizad, A. (2021). The challenges of clinical education in nursing: A qualitative analysis of nursing students and clinical instructors’ perspectives. Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Sciences, 8(4), 260–267.
- Alhojailan, M. I. (2012). Thematic analysis: A critical review of its process and evaluation. West East Journal of Social Sciences, 1(1), 39–47.
- Baglin, M. R., & Rugg, S. (2010). Student nurses’ experiences of community-based practice placement learning: A qualitative exploration. Nurse Education in Practice, 10(3), 144–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2009.05.008
- Barbour, K., McQuade, M., & Brown, B. (2017). Students as effective harm reductionists and needle exchange organizers. Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy, 12, Article 15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13011-017-0099-0
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. SAGE Publishing.
- Butterfield, P. G. (2017). Thinking upstream: A 25-year retrospective and conceptual model aimed at reducing health inequities. Advances in Nursing Science, 40(1), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.1097/ANS.0000000000000161
- Calma, K. R. B., Halcomb, E., & Stephens, M. (2019). The impact of curriculum on nursing students’ attitudes, perceptions and preparedness to work in primary health care: An integrative review. Nurse Education in Practice, 39, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nepr.2019.07.006
- Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing. (2010). Guidelines for quality community health nursing clinical placements for baccalaureate nursing students. https://casn.ca/wp-content/uploads/2014/12/CPGuidelinesFinalMarch.pdf
- College of Licensed Practical Nurses of Alberta. (2022, June 27). Harm reduction - theory and practice for Alberta LPNs [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C2o7TZMzrr0
- Community Health Nurses of Canada. (2019). Canadian community health nursing professional practice model & standards of practice.
- Denis-Lalonde, D., Estefan, A., Caine, V., & dela Cruz, A. (2023). Beyond “meeting them where they are at”: How nursing students conceptualize harm reduction in their practice with people who use drugs. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v13n3p50
- Denis-Lalonde, D., Lind, C., & Estefan, A. (2019). Beyond the buzzword: A concept analysis of harm reduction. Research and Theory for Nursing Practice, 33(4), 310–323. https://doi.org/10.1891/1541-6577.33.4.310
- Dion, K., Choi, J., & Griggs, S. (2023). Nursing students’ use of harm reduction in the clinical setting. Nurse Educator, 48(2), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1097/NNE.0000000000001307
- Friedman, S. R., de Jong, W., Rossi, D., Touzé, G., Rockwell, R., Des Jarlais, D. C., & Elovich, R. (2007). Harm reduction theory: Users’ culture, micro-social indigenous harm reduction, and the self-organization and outside-organizing of users’ groups. International Journal of Drug Policy, 18(2), 107–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2006.11.006
- Gillis, A., & Mac Lellan, M. (2010). Service learning with vulnerable populations: Review of the literature. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.2041
- Guin, N. B. (2020). Windshield and walking surveys in community health nursing. International Journal of Science and Research, 9(11), 523–525. https://doi.org/10.21275/sr201022161001
- Hawk, M., Coulter, R. W. S., Egan, J. E., Fisk, S., Reuel Friedman, M. R., Tula, M., & Kinsky, S. (2017). Harm reduction principles for healthcare settings. Harm Reduction Journal, 14, Article 70. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-017-0196-4
- Henderson, A., Cooke, M., Creedy, D. K., & Walker, R. (2012). Nursing students’ perceptions of learning in practice environments: A review. Nurse Education Today, 32(3), 299–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2011.03.010
- Hoe Harwood, C., Reimer-Kirkham, S., Sawatzky, R., Terblanche, L., & Van Hofwegen, L. (2009). Innovation in community clinical placements: A Canadian survey. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.2202/1548-923X.1860
- Jackson, J., Anderson, J. E., & Maben, J. (2021). What is nursing work? A meta-narrative review and integrated framework. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 122, 103944. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2021.103944
- Kennison, M. (2012). Developing reflective writing as effective pedagogy. Nursing Education Perspectives, 33(5), 306–311. https://doi.org/10.5480/1536-5026-33.5.306
- Kenyon, L., & Peckover, S. (2008). “A juggling act”: An analysis of the impact of providing clinical placements for pre-registration students on the organisation of community nursing and health visiting work. Nurse Education Today, 28(2), 202–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2007.03.014
- Lenton, S., & Single, E. (1998). The definition of harm reduction. Drug and Alcohol Review, 17(2), 213–220. https://doi.org/10.1080/09595239800187011
- Marlatt, G. A. (1996). Harm reduction: Come as you are. Addictive Behaviors, 21(6), 779–788. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(96)00042-1
- Meeley, N. G. (2021). Undergraduate student nurses’ experiences of their community placements. Nurse Education Today, 106, 105054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.105054
- Michael Smith Health Research BC. (n.d.). Methods for supporting diverse patient engagement in a diverse world: A primer. https://diversity-tapestry.com/tapestry/bc-support-unit-tapestry-project/#/nodes/1621/view/1621?sidebar=info
- Panda, S., Dash, M., John, J., Rath, K., Debata, A., Swain, D., Mohanty, K., & Eustace-Cook, J. (2021). Challenges faced by student nurses and midwives in clinical learning environment – a systematic review and meta-synthesis. Nurse Education Today, 101, 104875. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2021.104875
- Peters, K., McInnes, S., & Halcomb, E. (2015). Nursing students’ experiences of clinical placement in community settings: A qualitative study. Collegian, 22(2), P175–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colegn.2015.03.001
- Pijl-Zieber, E. M., Barton, S., Awosoga, O. A., & Konkin, J. (2015). Nursing students achieving community health competencies through undergraduate clinical experiences: A gap analysis. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 12(1), 143–154. https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2015-0022
- Quance, M. A. (2016). Nursing students’ perceptions of anecdotal notes as formative feedback. International Journal of Nursing Education Scholarship, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/ijnes-2015-0053
- Sinding, C., & Aronson, J. (2016). Exposing failures, unsettling accommodations: Tensions in interview practice. Qualitative Research, 3(1), 95–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468794103003001770
- Steffy, M. L. (2019). Community health learning experiences that influence RN to BSN students interests in community/public health nursing. Public Health Nursing, 36(6), 863–871. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12670
- Tung, M., Jackson, J., Ferreira, C., Hayden, K. A., & Ens, T. (2023). Strategies for addressing needle debris: A scoping review of needle debris and discarded drug paraphernalia associated with substance use. International Journal of Drug Policy, 120, 104183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.drugpo.2023.104183
- van Iersel, M., Latour, C. H. M., de Vos, R., Kirschner, P. A., & Scholte op Reimer, W. J. M. (2018). Perceptions of community care and placement preferences in first-year nursing students: A multicentre, cross-sectional study. Nurse Education Today, 60, 92–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nedt.2017.09.016
- Weinstein, J. N., Geller, A., Negussie, Y., & Baciu, A. (Eds.). (2017). The root causes of health inequity. In Communities in action: Pathways to health equity. The National Academies Press. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK425845/
- World Health Organization. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. https://www.who.int/health-topics/social-determinants-of-health#tab=tab_1

