Résumés
Résumé
Au début de l’adolescence, l’estime de soi est instable et les pairs deviennent de plus en plus importants. La théorie du sociomètre suggère que la position sociale des adolescentes et adolescents au sein du réseau de pairs est liée à leur estime de soi, ce qui pourrait aider à expliquer les variations de l’estime de soi à cette période de la vie. Nous avons émis l’hypothèse que l’interaction entre la position des jeunes au sein de leur clique et la popularité de leur clique influence les changements d’estime de soi sur un an. Les personnes participantes étaient 348 jeunes belges (âge moyen : 13 ans; 61 % de filles). Pour les jeunes des cliques normatives ou populaires, l’estime de soi a augmenté sur un an, quelle que soit leur position au sein de la clique (c’est-à-dire centrale ou périphérique). En revanche, la position au sein de la clique prédit des changements d’estime de soi pour les membres des cliques impopulaires. L’estime de soi des membres centraux est restée élevée, tandis que celle des membres périphériques a commencé à un niveau faible et a diminué avec le temps. Nos résultats soulignent qu’être inclus dans une clique normative ou populaire pourrait être un facteur de protection de l’estime de soi des membres périphériques, alors que la faible popularité de la clique en serait un facteur de risque.
Mots-clés :
- relations avec les pairs,
- statut social,
- popularité,
- estime de soi,
- analyses de réseaux sociaux
Abstract
Self-esteem is known to be unstable in early adolescence. It is also a developmental period when peers become increasingly important. The sociometer theory suggests that adolescents’ social position within the peer network is related to their self-esteem, which might help explain patterns of change in self-esteem at this time of life. We hypothesized that adolescents’ position within their clique would interact with their clique’s popularity to influence changes in self-esteem over one year. Participants were 348 Belgian adolescents (mean age: 13 years old; 61% female). For youth in average or popular cliques, self-esteem increased over a year, regardless of their position within the clique (i.e., central or peripheral). In contrast, one’s position within the clique predicted changes in self-esteem for members of unpopular cliques. Central members’ self-esteem remained high, while peripheral members’ self-esteem started low and decreased over time. Our findings highlight that being part of an average or popular clique could be a protective factor for peripheral members’ self-esteem while clique’s unpopularity is a risk factor for youth in peripheral positions.
Keywords:
- peer relationships,
- social status,
- popularity,
- self-esteem,
- social network analysis
Parties annexes
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