Résumés
Résumé
Une stratégie efficace d’atténuation des collisions routières impliquant la faune requiert de bonnes connaissances des facteurs pouvant expliquer pourquoi, où et quand celles-ci se produisent, afin d’améliorer la sécurité routière. Les collisions routières impliquant des cervidés sont reconnues pour être influencées notamment par des caractéristiques temporelles (phase du jour, saison, période biologique) et spatiales (topographie, couvert forestier). Ces facteurs peuvent influencer le comportement des cervidés, la capacité des conducteurs à détecter les animaux sur la chaussée et leur temps de réaction. Nous avons évalué l’effet des différentes caractéristiques spatiotemporelles sur le risque de collisions avec l’orignal (Alces americanus) et le cerf de Virginie (Odocoileus virginianus) sur l’autoroute Claude-Béchard (axe routier 85/185) reliant Rivière-du-Loup (Québec) au Nouveau-Brunswick, pour la période de 1990 à 2015. Notre capacité à identifier les principaux facteurs expliquant la distribution spatiotemporelle des collisions différait entre les espèces, et était meilleure pour l’orignal que pour le cerf. Les facteurs identifiés dans notre étude peuvent contribuer au développement d’une stratégie d’atténuation pour l’autoroute Claude-Béchard et à limiter le risque de collision, principalement avec l’orignal, tout en apportant de plus amples connaissances sur la répartition des collisions routières avec les cervidés dans un paysage agroforestier habité supportant de fortes densités de cervidés.
Mots-clés :
- cervidés,
- collisions routières,
- connectivité écologique,
- comportement faunique,
- sécurité routière
Abstract
An effective mitigation strategy to reduce collisions between wildlife and vehicles, and to improve road safety, requires precise knowledge of why, where and when such collisions happen. Collisions with cervids are known to be particularly influenced by different temporal (e.g., time of day/night, season and biological cycle) and spatial (e.g., topography and forest cover) characteristics. These factors can influence cervid behavior, the ability of drivers to detect animals on the road, and driver reaction time. The present study evaluated the effect of spatiotemporal characteristics on the risk of collisions with moose (Alces americanus) and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on the Claude-Béchard Highway (Highway 85/185), linking Rivière-du-Loup (Québec, Canada) with the province of New Brunswick, between 1990 and 2015. Ability to identify the main factors influencing the spatiotemporal distribution of collisions differed between species, and was higher for moose than for deer. Factors highlighted in the study could help develop appropriate mitigation measures for the Claude-Béchard Highway to help limit the risk of collision, mainly with moose. The study also provides additional knowledge on the distribution of vehicle collisions with cervids in an inhabited agroforestry landscape holding a high density of these animals.
Keywords:
- animal behavior,
- cervids,
- ecological connectivity,
- road safety,
- wildlife-vehicle collisions
Parties annexes
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