Impact de la crise de la COVID-19 sur les familles francophones dans les Prairies canadiennes

Leis, Anne; de Moissac, Danielle; Proulx-Cullen, Elyse; Gnidehou, Sedami; Marchak, Kristan; Keough, Catelyn; Chaput, Mélanie; Turgeon, Marianne

doi:https://doi.org/10.7202/1121531ar

Feuilleter les articles de ce numéro

Langue et espace public en milieu acadien : une étude du paysage linguistique de la Baie Sainte-Marie en Nouvelle-Écosse

Le programme de télésanté de prévention des chutes Marche vers le Futur : développement et retombées d’une communauté de pratique franco-canadienne

Plan de l’article

Retour au début
Résumé
Bibliographie

Boîte à outils

PDFTélécharger
Citer cet article
Partager

Résumés

Résumé

Contexte et but. Dans le contexte linguistique minoritaire où l’accès à des services en français est un défi, l’étude voulait documenter dans quelle mesure la crise de la pandémie avait eu un impact sur les familles francophones au Manitoba, Saskatchewan et Alberta.

Méthodes. À partir des informations recueillies lors de 6 World Café du Monde, un sondage a été créé et distribué en ligne aux membres d’organismes francophones dans ces provinces. Des analyses descriptives et de régression ont été menées.

Résultats. Des 319 familles, la grande majorité a reconnu l’impact négatif et anxiogène de la pandémie. Plusieurs facteurs de risque ont été identifiés : une compréhension moyenne ou faible de l’anglais, la déconnexion avec la communauté francophone locale, la difficulté de vivre en français en famille et de suivre la scolarité de ses enfants à la maison.

Conclusion. La pandémie a été un défi pour les familles francophones des Prairies. Des ressources accrues en français et des politiques de soutien sont recommandées.

Mots-clés :

communauté,
langue officielle,
contexte minoritaire des Prairies,
impact pandémie,
mesures postpandémie

Abstract

Background and aim. Within the linguistic minority context where access to services in French is a challenge, the study aimed to document to what extent the pandemic had an impact on Francophone families in Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta.

Methods. Based on the qualitative analysis of data collected in 6 World Cafés, an on-line survey was distributed to members of Francophone organizations in these provinces. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.

Results. Of 319 families, the majority recognized the negative and anxiety provoking aspects of the pandemic. Several risk factors were identified: an average or below average mastery of English, isolation from the local Francophone community, difficulty with living in French with their family and supporting children’s education at home.

Conclusion. The pandemic was a challenge for Francophone families in the Prairies. Additional resources in French and supportive policies are recommended.

Keywords:

francophone community,
official language,
minority context of the Prairies,
impact of COVID-19,
post-pandemic measures

Parties annexes

Bibliographie

Abrams, E. M., Greenhawt, M., Shaker, M., Pinto, A. D., Sinha, I. et Singer, A. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic: Adverse effects on the social determinants of health in children and families. Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology: official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology, 128(1), 19-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anai.2021.10.022
10.1016/j.anai.2021.10.022 Google Scholar
Adams, E. L., Smith, D., Caccavale, L. J. et Bean, M. K. (2021). Parents are stressed! Patterns of parent stress across COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456
10.3389/fpsyt.2021.626456 Google Scholar
Agence de la santé publique du Canada. (2024). Déterminants sociaux de la santé et inégalités en santé. Gouvernement du Canada. https://www.canada.ca/fr/sante-publique/services/promotion-sante/sante-population/est-determine-sante.htmlalités en santé - Canada.ca
Google Scholar
Batista, R., Prud’homme, D., Rhodes, E., Hsu, A., Talarico, R., Reaume, M., ... et Tanuseputro, P. (2021). Quality and safety in long-term care in Ontario: The impact of language discordance. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 22(10), 2147-2153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2020.12.007
10.1016/j.jamda.2020.12.007 Google Scholar
Bilodeau, J., Quesnel-Vallée, A. et Poder, T. (2023). Work stressors, work-family conflict, parents’ depressive symptoms and perceived parental concern for their children’s mental health during COVID-19 in Canada: A cross-sectional analysis. BMC Public Health, 23(1), 2181. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-023-17037-0
10.1186/s12889-023-17037-0 Google Scholar
Bouchard, L. et Desmeules, M. (2013). Linguistic minorities in Canada and health. Healthcare Policy, 9(Spec Issue), 38. PMID: 24289938; PMCID: PMC4750144.
10.12927/hcpol.2013.23589 Google Scholar
Boutros, G. et Marchak, K. A. (2021). Factors impacting the mental health of Canadian university students during the COVID-19 pandemic. University of Toronto Medical Journal, 98(3), p. 50.
Google Scholar
Braun, V. et Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
10.1191/1478088706qp063oa Google Scholar
Bumble, J. L. et Carter, E. W. (2020). Application of the World Café to disability issues: a systematic review. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 32(3), 193-203. https://doi.org/10.1177/1044207320949962
10.1177/1044207320949962 Google Scholar
Chan, R. C. et Fung, S. C. (2022). Elevated levels of COVID-19-related stress and mental health problems among parents of children with developmental disorders during the pandemic. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 52(3), 1314-1325. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-021-05004-w
10.1007/s10803-021-05004-w Google Scholar
Commissariat aux langues officielles (2020, 29 octobre). Rapport – Une question de respect et de sécurité : l’incidence des situations d’urgence sur les langues officielles. https://www.clo-ocol.gc.ca/fr/publications/etudes-autres-rapports/2020/question-respect-securite-lincidence-situations-durgence-sur-langues-officielles
Google Scholar
Cooper, K., Hards, E., Moltrecht, B., Reynolds, S., Shum, A., McElroy, E. et Loades, M. (2021). Loneliness, social relationships, and mental health in adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Affective Disorders, 289, 98-104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.016
10.1016/j.jad.2021.04.016 Google Scholar
Dagher, O., Passos-Castilho, A. M., Sareen, V., Labbé, A. C., Barkati, S., Luong, M. L., Rousseau, C., Benedetti, A., Azoulay, L. et Greenaway, C. (2024). Impact of language barriers on outcomes and experience of COVID-19 patients hospitalized in Quebec, Canada, during the first wave of the pandemic. Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, 26(1), 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10903-023-01561-7
10.1007/s10903-023-01561-7 Google Scholar
de Moissac, D. et Bowen, S. (2017). Impact of language barriers on access to healthcare for official language minority Francophones in Canada. Healthcare Management Forum, 30(4), 207-212. https://doi.org/10.1177/0840470417706378
10.1177/0840470417706378 Google Scholar
de Moissac, D. et Bowen, S. (2018). Impact of language barriers on quality of care and patient safety for official language minority Francophones in Canada. Journal of Patient Experience, 6(1), 24-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/2374373518769008
10.1177/2374373518769008 Google Scholar
Evans, S., Mikocka-Walus, A., Klas, A., Olive, L., Sciberras, E., Karantzas, G. et Westrupp, E. M. (2020). From « It has stopped our lives » to « Spending more time together has strengthened bonds »: The varied experiences of Australian families during COVID-19. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.588667 Google Scholar
Forest, M.-P. et Desmarais, M.-É. (2023). Mise en oeuvre des principes de la pédagogie universelle : étude sur la perception du personnel enseignant à l’égard de leur bienêtre en contexte minoritaire franco-manitobain. Éducation et Francophonie, 51(1). https://doi.org/10.7202/1100069ar
10.7202/1100069ar Google Scholar
Fung, P., St Pierre, T., Raja, M. et Johnson, E. K. (2023). Infants’ and toddlers’ language development during the pandemic: Socioeconomic status mattered. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 236, 105744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105744
10.1016/j.jecp.2023.105744 Google Scholar
Gadermann, Thomson, K. C., Richardson, C. G., Gagné, M., McAuliffe, C., Hirani, S. et Jenkins, E. (2021). Examining the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on family mental health in Canada: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. BMJ Open, 11(1), e042871–e042871. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042871
10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042871 Google Scholar
Généreux, M., Roy, M., David, M. D., Carignan, M.-È., Blouin-Genest, G., Qadar, S. M. Z. et Champagne-Poirier, O. (2022). Psychological response to the COVID-19 pandemic in Canada: main stressors and assets. Global Health Promotion, 29(1), 23-32. https://doi.org/10.1177/17579759211023671
10.1177/17579759211023671 Google Scholar
Généreux, M., Schluter, P. J., Hung, K. K., Wong, C. S., Pui Yin Mok, C., O’sullivan, T., ... et Roy, M. (2020). One virus, four continents, eight countries: An interdisciplinary and international study on the psychosocial impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic among adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(22), 8390. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228390
10.3390/ijerph17228390 Google Scholar
Gervais, C., Côté, I., Pierce, T., Vallée-Ouimet, S. et de Montigny, F. (2023). Family Functioning and the Pandemic: How Do Parental Perceived Social Support and Mental Health Contribute to Family Health?. The Canadian Journal of Nursing Research/Revue canadienne de recherche en sciences infirmières, 55(3), 365-376. https://doi.org/10.1177/08445621231175757
10.1177/08445621231175757 Google Scholar
Goldberg, A. E., Allen, K. R. et Smith, J. Z. (2021). Divorced and separated parents during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Family Process, 60(3), 866-887. https://doi.org/10.1111/famp.12693
10.1111/famp.12693 Google Scholar
Gordon, J. L. et Presseau, J. (2023). Effects of parenthood and gender on well-being and work productivity among Canadian academic research faculty amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Canadian Psychology /Psychologie Canadienne, 64(2), 144-153. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000327
10.1037/cap0000327 Google Scholar
Greene, G., Paranjothy, S. et Palmer, S. R. (2015). Resilience and vulnerability to the psychological harm from flooding: The role of social cohesion. American Journal of Public Health, 105(9), 1792-1795. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302709
10.2105/AJPH.2015.302709 Google Scholar
Haney, T. J. et Barber, K. (2022). The extreme gendering of COVID-19: Household tasks and division of labour satisfaction during the pandemic. Canadian Review of Sociology/Revue canadienne de sociologie, 59(S1), 26-47. https://doi.org/10.1111/cars.12391
10.1111/cars.12391 Google Scholar
Hannes, K., Thyssen, P., Bengough, T., Dawson, S., Paque, K., Talboom, S., ... et Vandamme, A. M. (2024). Inclusive crisis communication in a pandemic context: A rapid review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 21(9), 1216. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph21091216
10.3390/ijerph21091216 Google Scholar
Kiger ME, Varpio L. (2020) Thematic analysis of qualitative data: AMEE Guide No. 131. Med Teach, 42(8), 846-854. https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030
10.1080/0142159X.2020.1755030 Google Scholar
McArthur, B. A., Racine, N., McDonald, S., Tough, S. et Madigan, S. (2023). Child and family factors associated with child mental health and well-being during COVID-19. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 32(2), 223-233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9
10.1007/s00787-021-01849-9 Google Scholar
McIsaac, J. D., Lamptey, D. L., Harley, J., MacQuarrie, M., Cummings, R., Rossiter, M. D., Janus, M. et Turner, J. (2022). Early pandemic impacts on family environments that shape childhood development and health: A Canadian study. Child: Care, Health and Development, 48(6), 1122-1133. https://doi.org/10.1111/cch.13046
10.1111/cch.13046 Google Scholar
Mirza, M., Harrison, E. A., Roman, M., Miller, K. A. et Jacobs, E. A. (2022). Walking the talk: Understanding how language barriers affect the delivery of rehabilitation services. Disability and Rehabilitation, 44(2), 301-314. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638288.2020.1767219
10.1080/09638288.2020.1767219 Google Scholar
Muhajarine N, Pisolkar V, Hinz T, Adeyinka DA, McCutcheon J, Alaverdashvili M, Damodharan S, Dena I, Jurgens C, Taras V., ... et Palmer-Clarke, Y. (2023). Mental health and health-related quality of life of children and youth during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic: Results from a cross-sectional survey in Saskatchewan, Canada. Children, 10(6), 1009. https://doi.org/10.3390/children10061009
10.3390/children10061009 Google Scholar
Nicola, M., Alsafi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosifidis, C., Agha, M. et Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78,185-193. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018 Google Scholar
Nyqvist, F., Häkkinen, E., Renaud, A., Bouchard, L. et Prys, C. (2021). Social Exclusion Among Official Language Minority Older Adults: A Rapid Review of the Literature in Canada, Finland and Wales. Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology, 36(3), 285-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-021-09433-z
10.1007/s10823-021-09433-z Google Scholar
Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques (OCDE). (2020). Education and COVID-19: Focusing on the long-term impact of school closures. https://doi.org/10.1787/2cea926e-en
10.1787/2cea926e-en Google Scholar
Ortega, P., Martínez, G. et Diamond, L. (2020). Language and Health Equity during COVID-19: Lessons and Opportunities. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 31(4), 1530-1535. https://doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2020.0114
10.1353/hpu.2020.0114 Google Scholar
Parker, L. D. (2020). The COVID-19 office in transition: Cost, efficiency and the social responsibility business case. Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, 33(8), 1943-1967. https://doi.org/10.1108/AAAJ-06-2020-4609
10.1108/AAAJ-06-2020-4609 Google Scholar
Patterson, J. M. (2002). Integrating family resilience and family stress theory. Journal of Marriage and Family, 64(2), 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x
10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00349.x Google Scholar
Perkins, R., Mason-Bertrand, A., Tymoszuk, U., Spiro, N., Gee, K. et Williamon, A. (2021). Arts engagement supports social connectedness in adulthood: Findings from the HEartS Survey. BMC Public Health, 21, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11233-6
10.1186/s12889-021-11233-6 Google Scholar
Pisolkar, V., Dena, I., Green, K. L., Palmer-Clarke, Y., Hinz, T. et Muhajarine, N. (2024). See us, hear us! Children, adolescents and families in Saskatchewan coping with mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-Being, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/17482631.2024.2361494
10.1080/17482631.2024.2361494 Google Scholar
Prime, H., Walsh, F. et Masten, A. S. (2023). Building family resilience in the wake of a global pandemic: Looking back to prepare for the future. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie canadienne, 64(3), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.1037/cap0000366
10.1037/cap0000366 Google Scholar
Racine, McArthur, B. A., Cooke, J. E., Eirich, R., Zhu, J. et Madigan, S. (2021). Global prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms in children and adolescents during COVID-19: A meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatrics, 175(11), 1142-1150. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482
10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2482 Google Scholar
Reaume, M., Batista, R., Talarico, R., Guerin, E., Rhodes, E., Carson, S., ... et Tanuseputro, P. (2022). In-hospital patient harm across linguistic groups: A retrospective cohort study of home care recipients. Journal of Patient Safety, 18(1), e196-e204. https://doi.org/10.1097/PTS.0000000000000726
10.1097/PTS.0000000000000726 Google Scholar
Reid, M. et Reczek, C. (2011). Stress and support in family relationships after hurricane Katrina. Journal of Family Issues, 32(10), 1397-1418. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X11412497
10.1177/0192513X11412497 Google Scholar
Riad, K., Webber, C., Batista, R., Reaume, M., Rhodes, E., Knight, B., Prud’homme, D. et Tanuseputro, P. (2020). The impact of dementia and language on hospitalizations: A retrospective cohort of long-term care residents. BMC Geriatrics, 20(1), 397. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-020-01806-2
10.1186/s12877-020-01806-2 Google Scholar
Rocque, J. et Côté, C. (2023). Incidence de la pandémie de COVID-19 sur le bien-être et la santé mentale des équipes de direction d’école : une recherche-action collaborative en milieux francophones minoritaires dans l’Ouest canadien. Canadian Journal of Education/Revue canadienne de l’éducation, 46(4), 891-918. https://doi.org/10.53967/cje-rce.5541
10.53967/cje-rce.5541 Google Scholar
Russell, B. S., Tambling, R. R., Horton, A. L., Hutchison, M. et Tomkunas, A. J. (2021). Clinically significant depression among parents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Examining the protective role of family relationships. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 10(3), 190-201. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000175
10.1037/cfp0000175 Google Scholar
Salmon, K. (2021). The ecology of youth psychological wellbeing in the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, 10(4), 564-576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.11.002
10.1016/j.jarmac.2021.11.002 Google Scholar
Samji, H., Wu, J., Ladak, A., Vossen, C., Stewart, E., Dove, N., ... et Snell, G. (2022). Mental health impacts of the COVID‐19 pandemic on children and youth–a systematic review. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 27(2), 173-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12501
10.1111/camh.12501 Google Scholar
Sauvé-Schenk, K., Savard, J., Miljours, J.-C. et Bouchard, L. (2024). L’expérience des francophones des soins et des services en contexte linguistique minoritaire : bilan et perspectives. Minorités linguistiques et société/Linguistic Minorities and Society, 22. https://doi.org/10.7202/1110633ar
10.7202/1110633ar Google Scholar
Savard, J., Savard, S., Duong, P., Hatungimana, N.O., Benoît, J., de Moissac, D., Dupuis-Blanchard, S. et Robitaille, A. (sous presse). Prolonged impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the well-being and roles of family caregivers of older adults living at home: A mixed-methods study in four Canadian provinces. Canadian Journal on Aging/La Revue canadienne du vieillissement.
Google Scholar
Seward, B., Dhuey, E. et Pan, A. (2023). The big short: Expansion of Early childhood education in post-pandemic Canada. Canadian Public Policy, 49(3), 306-329. https://doi.org/10.3138/cpp.2022-059
10.3138/cpp.2022-059 Google Scholar
Shahid, S., Weisz, J. et Florez, I. D. (2023). Impact of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCov) pandemic and lockdown on parents and caregivers in Ontario, Canada. Clinical Pediatrics, 62(10), 1237-1244. https://doi.org/10.1177/00099228231155004
10.1177/00099228231155004 Google Scholar
Statistics Canada. (2022, 10 mars). COVID-19 in Canada: A two-year update on social and economic Impacts. Catalogue no. 11-631-X. ISBN 978-0-660-42200-8. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/pub/11-631-x/11-631-x2022001-eng.pdf?st=JumpRUrf
Google Scholar
Stienwandt, S., Cameron, E. E., Soderstrom, M., Casar, M., Le, C. et Roos, L. E. (2022, décembre). Family factors associated with hands-on play and screen time during the COVID-19 pandemic. Child & Youth Care Forum, 51, 1091-1115. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4
10.1007/s10566-021-09668-4 Google Scholar
Tan, Y., Pinder, D., Bayoumi, I., Carter, R., Cole, M., Jackson, L., Watson, A., Knox, B., Chan-Nguyen, S., Ford, M., Davison, C. M., Bartels, S. A. et Purkey, E. (2024). Family and community resilience: a Photovoice study. International Journal for Equity in Health, 23(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-024-02142-2
10.1186/s12939-024-02142-2 Google Scholar
van Kemenade, S., Bouchard, L. et Savard, J. (2024). La santé mentale en contexte francophone minoritaire : état des connaissances. Minorités linguistiques et société/Linguistic Minorities and Society, 22. https://doi.org/10.7202/1110625ar
10.7202/1110625ar Google Scholar
Wickens, C. M., McDonald, A. J., Elton-Marshall, T., Wells, S., Nigatu, Y. T., Jankowicz, D. et Hamilton, H. A. (2021). Loneliness in the COVID-19 pandemic: Associations with age, gender and their interaction. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 136, 103-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.047
10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.01.047 Google Scholar
Zhao, Y., Segalowitz, N., Voloshyn, A., Chamoux, E. et Ryder, A. G. (2021). Language barriers to healthcare for linguistic minorities: The case of second language-specific health communication anxiety. Health Communication, 36(3), 334‑346. https://doi.org/10.1080/10410236.2019.1692488
10.1080/10410236.2019.1692488 Google Scholar

Résumés

Résumé

Abstract

Parties annexes

Bibliographie

Outils de citation

Citer cet article

Exporter la notice de cet article