Résumés
Abstract
This article examines book illustrations through the prism of Translation Studies. It mainly suggests that the pictures in illustrated books are (intersemiotic) translations of the text and that, as such, they can be analyzed making use of the same tools applied to verbal interlingual translation. The first section deals with the theoretical bases upon which illustrations can be regarded as translations, concentrating on theories of re-creation, as illustration is viewed essentially as the re-creation of the text in visual form. One of the claims in this section is that, because illustration is carried out in very similar ways as interlingual translation itself, the term “intersemiotic” relates more to the (obvious) difference of medium. For this reason the word is most often referred to in parentheses. The second section discusses three particular ways through which illustrations can translate the text, namely, by reproducing the textual elements literally in the picture, by emphasizing a specific narrative element, and by adapting the pictures to a certain ideology or artistic trend. The example illustrations are extracted from different kinds of publication and media, ranging from Virgil’s Aeneid, Lewis Carroll’s Alice in Wonderland and Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn to an online comic version of Shakespeare’s Hamlet.
Keywords/Mots-Clés:
- (intersemiotic) translation,
- illustration,
- text,
- picture,
- recreation
Résumé
Cet article analyse des illustrations littéraires par le biais de la traductologie. On y suggère notamment que les figures des livres illustrés sont des traductions (intersémiotiques) du texte et qu’elles peuvent être analysées moyennant les mêmes outils appliqués à la traduction verbale. La première partie de l’article portera sur les bases théoriques à partir desquelles les illustrations peuvent être considérées des traductions, où les théories de la recréation sont mises en relief, puisque l’illustration est vue essentiellement comme la recréation du texte en forme visuelle. Étant donné que l’illustration est réalisée d’une manière très semblable à la traduction entre langues, le terme « intersémiotique » a plutôt des rapports avec la différence (évidente) des médias. C’est la raison pour laquelle le mot intersémiotique est repris plus fréquemment entre parenthèses. La deuxième partie de l’article met en discussion trois manières spécifiques dont les illustrations peuvent traduire le texte, à savoir : en reproduisant littéralement les éléments textuels sur la figure, en mettant en relief un élément spécifique du récit et en adaptant les figures à une idéologie donnée ou à un courant artistique. Les illustrations utilisées comme exemples ont été extraites de différents genres de publications et de médias, depuis Énéide, de Virgile, Alice au pays des merveilles, de Lewis Carroll, et Les aventures deHuckleberry Finn, de Mark Twain, jusqu’à une version en BD virtuelle de Hamlet, de Shakespeare.
Parties annexes
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