Résumés
Résumé
Cette recherche examine la relation entre l’innovation de modèle d’affaires (IMA) et la performance globale des entreprises en contexte de crise soudaine et contraignante (CSC). Sur la base de l’analyse de la littérature et des CSC, elle a bâti et testé quatre modèles théoriques : le premier postule que l’effectuation précède et favorise l’IMA, le deuxième inverse cette relation, le troisième et le quatrième postulent une interaction bidirectionnelle entre l’IMA et l’effectuation. L’analyse empirique, menée sur 198 PME du secteur français de l’hospitalité via une comparaison de modèles d’équations structurelles, montre que l’effectuation exerce un triple rôle : antécédent de l’IMA, déterminant direct de la performance globale et médiateur total de la relation IMA-performance. En contexte de CSC, deux séquences comportementales impactent positivement la performance globale des PME : une première séquence, réactive, liant la nécessaire révision des pertes acceptables à une refonte de l’architecture financière du modèle d’affaires (MA), et une seconde séquence, proactive, fondée sur un inventaire des moyens disponibles destiné à transformer le MA. Cette recherche renouvelle la compréhension des comportements stratégiques des PME en contexte de CSC, en soulignant l’interaction bidirectionnelle entre l’IMA et l’effectuation ainsi que son rôle essentiel dans la poursuite d’une performance globale.
Mots-clés :
- Innovation de modèle d’affaires,
- Effectuation,
- Performance globale,
- Crise soudaine et contraignante,
- PME,
- Hospitalité
Abstract
This research explores the relationship between business model innovation (BMI) and overall firm performance in the context of sudden and constraining crises (SCCs). Based on a literature review and an analysis of SCCs, four theoretical models were developed and tested: the first assumes that effectuation precedes and facilitates BMI; the second reverses this relationship; the third and fourth propose a bidirectional interaction between BMI and effectuation. Empirical analysis, conducted on 198 SMEs in the French hospitality sector using structural equation model comparisons, reveals that effectuation plays a triple rôle: it is an antecedent to BMI, a direct determinant of overall performance, and a full mediator of the BMI-performance relationship. In SCC contexts, two behavioural sequences positively impact SMEs’ overall performance: a reactive sequence linking the revision of acceptable losses to a financial reconfiguration of the business model, and a proactive sequence based on leveraging available means to transform the business model. This research offers a renewed understanding of SMEs’ strategic behaviours in SCC contexts by highlighting the bidirectional interaction between BMI and effectuation, and its essential role in achieving overall performance.
Keywords:
- Business model innovation,
- Effectuation,
- Overall performance,
- Sudden and constraining crisis,
- SMEs,
- Hospitality
Parties annexes
Références
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