Résumés
Résumé
Cet article interroge l’influence du genre du propriétaire-dirigeant sur la structure de propriété des PME en tenant compte du biais sectoriel lié à la sous-représentation des femmes dans certains secteurs fréquemment sous-capitalisés. Cette recherche quantitative porte sur 20 162 PME françaises et 69 896 observations entreprise/année, dont 16 % de PME dirigées et possédées majoritairement par des femmes. Grâce à l’utilisation de méthodes d’appariement, nous proposons une contribution au champ de la PME en distinguant l’effet direct du genre sur la structure de propriété et son effet indirect lié au fait que les femmes tendent à être surreprésentées dans certaines activités à faible intensité capitalistique. Les résultats montrent des différences assez nettes entre les femmes et les hommes propriétaires-dirigeants en matière de structure de propriété. Nous observons que les entreprises possédées et dirigées par des femmes présentent une structure plus ouverte et une moindre pluralité de types d’actionnaires que les entreprises comparables possédées et dirigées par des hommes.
Mots-clés :
- PME,
- Genre,
- Financement,
- Structure de propriété,
- Pluralité de structure actionnariale
Abstract
This article looks at the influence of owner-manager gender on the ownership structure of SMEs, taking into account the sectoral bias linked to the under-representation of women in certain sectors that are frequently under-capitalized. This quantitative research covers 20,162 French SMEs and 69,896 company-year observations, including 16% of SMEs managed and owned predominantly by women. Using matching methods, we contribute to the SME field by distinguishing between the direct effect of gender on ownership structure and its indirect effect, the fact that women tend to be over-represented in certain less capital-intensive activities. The results show clear differences between female and male owner-managers in terms of ownership structure. We observe that companies owned and managed by women have a more open structure, with a smaller plurality of shareholder types than comparable companies owned and managed by men.
Keywords:
- SME,
- Gender,
- Finance,
- Ownership structure,
- Diversity
Parties annexes
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10.7202/1067733ar