Résumés
Abstract
Recent studies have pointed out that children were among those affected by the changes that COVID-19 restrictions brought to daily life. This study aims to explore how children’s routines of sleep, diet, exercise, and technology use changed during the lockdown of COVID-19, which in Türkiye was enacted between March 16th and June 1st of 2020. An online questionnaire was answered by 323 parents of children aged 4 to 12. Regression analysis was used to examine the ways in which demographics, resources, and activities correlated with parents’ perceptions of activities. The findings indicated that the amount of change in children’s daily routines was predicted more strongly by how their parents felt about their activities than by the other factors examined. Our findings will contribute to an understanding of the ways in which the COVID-19 restrictions affected children’s routines, and assist parents, teachers, and policymakers in their efforts to provide support for children.
Keywords:
- COVID-19,
- parents,
- resources,
- activities,
- children’s routines
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Ammar, A., Brach, M., Trabelsi, K., Chtourou, H., Boukhris, O., Masmoudi, L., Bouaziz, B., Bentlage, E., How, D., Ahmed, M., Müller, P., Müller, N., Aloui, A., Hammouda, O., Paineiras-Domingos, L. L., Braakman-Jansen, A., Wrede, C., Bastoni, S., Pernambuco, C. S., … On Behalf of the ECLB-COVID-19 Consortium. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 home confinement on eating behaviour and physical activity: Results of the ECLB-COVID19 international online survey. Nutrients, 12(6), Article 1583. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061583
- Andrew, A., Cattan, S., Costa Dias, M., Farquharson, C., Kraftman, L., Krutikova, S., Phimister, A., & Sevilla, A. (2020). Family time use and home learning during the COVID-19 lockdown [Report]. The IFS. https://doi.org/10.1920/re.ifs.2020.0178
- Barron, C., Emmett, M. J., Patte, M. M., Higham, S., & Bulgarelli, D. (2021). Indoor play during a global pandemic: Commonalities and diversities during a unique snapshot in time, International Journal of Play, 10(4), 365–386. https://doi.org/10.1080/21594937.2021.2005396
- Bates, C. R., Nicholson, L. M., Rea, E. M., Hagy, H. A., & Bohnert, A. M. (2021). Life interrupted: Family routines buffer stress during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 30(11), 2641–2651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02063-6
- Carroll, N., Sadowski, A., Laila, A., Hruska, V., Nixon, M., Ma, D. W. L., Haines, J., & on behalf of the Guelph Family Health Study. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on health behavior, stress, financial and food security among middle to high income Canadian families with young children. Nutrients, 12(8), Article 2352. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082352
- Cellini, N., Canale, N., Mioni, G., & Costa, S. (2020). Changes in sleep pattern, sense of time, and digital media use during COVID-19 lockdown in Italy. Journal of Sleep Research, 29(4), Article e13074. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13074
- Chevalier, J.-A., Andrews Adlam, J., Thompson-Robinson, M., Dodge Francis, C., Anderson, E., & Traylor, D. O. (2024). Stress and coping among parents with children enrolled in remote schooling during COVID-19. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 15(3), 50–68. https://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs153202422163
- Clarke, J., Kipping, R., Chambers, S., Willis, K., Taylor, H., Brophy, R., Hannam, K., Simpson, S. A., & Langford, R. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on preschool children’s eating, activity and sleep behaviours: a qualitative study. BMJ Open, 11(10), Article e051497. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-051497
- Cucinotta, D., & Vanelli, M. (2020). WHO declares COVID-19 a pandemic. Acta Biomed, 91(1), 157–160. https://doi.org/10.23750/abm.v91i1.9397
- Dellagiulia, A., Lionetti, F., Fasolo, M., Verderame, C., Sperati, A., & Alessandri, G. (2020). Early impact of COVID-19 lockdown on children’s sleep: A 4-week longitudinal study. JCSM: Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 16(9), 1639–1640. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8648
- Dunton, G. F., Wang, S. D., Do, B., & Courtney, J. (2020). Early effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on physical activity locations and behaviors in adults living in the United States. Preventive Medicine Reports, 20, Article 101241. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmedr.2020.101241
- Fasano, M. V., Padula, M., Azrak, M. Á., Avico, A. J., Sala, M., & Andreoli, M. F. (2021). Consequences of lockdown during COVID-19 pandemic in lifestyle and emotional state of children in Argentina. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, Article 660033. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.660033
- Filos, D., Lekka, I., Kilintzis, V., Stefanopoulos, L., Karavidopoulou, Y., Maramis, C., Diou, C., Sarafis, I., Papapanagiotou, V., Alagialoglou, L., Ioakeimidis, I., Hassapidou, M., Charmandari, E., Heiemier, R., O’Malley, G., O’Donnell, S., Doyle, G., Delopouos, A., & Maglaveras, N. (2021). Exploring associations between children’s obesogenic behaviors and the local environment using big data: Development and evaluation of the obesity prevention dashboard. JMIR mHealth and uHealth, 9(7), Article e26290. https://doi.org/10.2196/26290
- Ghanamah, R., & Eghbaria-Ghanamah, H. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on behavioral and emotional aspects and daily routines of Arab Israeli children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(6), Article 2946. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062946
- Gill, T. & Robyn, M. M. (2020). Play in lockdown: An international study of government and civil society responses to COVID-19 and their impact on children’s play and mobility. International Play Association. https://ipaworld.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/IPA-Covid-report-Final.pdf
- Gloster, A. T., Lamnisos, D., Lubenko, J., Presti, G., Squatrito, V., Constantinou, M., Nicolaou, C., Papacostas, S., Aydın, G., Chong, Y. Y., Chien, W. T., Cheng, H. Y., Ruiz, F. J., Garcia-Martin, M. B., Obando-Posada, D. P., Segura-Vargas, M. A., Vasilliou, V. S.,
- McHugh, L., Höfer, S., … Karekla, M. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on mental health: An international study. PloS one, 15(12), Article e0244809. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244809
- Herbec, A., Schneider, V., Fisher, A., Kale, D., Shahab, L., & Lally, P. (2022). Correlates of and changes in aerobic physical activity and strength training before and after the onset of COVID-19 pandemic in the UK: Findings from the HEBECO study. BMJ Open, 12(6), Article e054029. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054029
- Kader, Z., Benjamin, F., Manuel, D. A., Mpilo, M., Titus, S., & Roman, N. V. (2024). Family challenges and coping mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic: Western Cape, South Africa. International Journal of Child, Youth and Family Studies, 15(4), 1–25. https://doi.org/10.18357/ijcyfs154202422216
- Lafave, L., Webster, A. D., & McConnell, C. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on early childhood educator’s perspectives and practices in nutrition and physical activity: A qualitative study. Early Childhood Education Journal, 49(5), 935–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-021-01195-0
- Lecuelle, F., Leslie, W., Huguelet, S., Franco, P., & Putois, B. (2020). Did the COVID-19 lockdown really have no impact on young children’s sleep? Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, 16(12), 2121–2123. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.8806
- Maertl, T., De Bock, F., Huebl, L., Oberhauser, C., Coenen, M., Jung-Sievers, C., & on behalf of the Cosmo Study Team (2021). Physical activity during COVID-19 in German adults: Analyses in the COVID-19 snapshot monitoring study (COSMO). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(2), Article 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020507
- Mitra, R., Moore, S. A., Gillespie, M., Faulkner, G., Vanderloo, L. M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Healthy movement behaviours in children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic: Exploring the role of the neighbourhood environment. Health & Place, 65, Article 102418. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2020.102418
- Moore, S. A., Faulkner, G., Rhodes, R. E., Brussoni, M., Chulak-Bozzer, T., Ferguson, L. J., Mitra, R., O’Reilly, N., Spence, J. C., Vanderloo, L. M., & Tremblay, M. S. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 virus outbreak on movement and play behaviours of Canadian children and youth: a national survey. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17(1), Article 85. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00987-8
- Nagata, J. M., Cortez, C. A., Cattle, C. J., Ganson, K. T., Iyer, P., Bibbins-Domingo, K., & Baker, F. C. (2022). Screen time use among US adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic: Findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study. JAMA Pediatrics, 176(1), 94–96. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.4334
- Navas-Martín, M. Á., López-Bueno, J. A., Oteiza, I., & Cuerdo-Vilches, T. (2021). Routines, time dedication and habit changes in Spanish homes during the COVID-19 lockdown: A large cross-sectional survey. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(22), Article 12176. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182212176
- Ostermeier, E., Tucker, P., Tobin, D., Clark, A., & Gilliland, J. (2022). Parents’ perceptions of their children’s physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. BMC Public Health, 22(1), Article 1459. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-13829-y
- Panda, P. K., Gupta, J., Chowdhury, S. R., Kumar, R., Meena, A. K., Madaan, P., Sharawat, I. K., & Gulati, S. (2021). Psychological and behavioral impact of lockdown and quarantine measures for COVID-19 pandemic on children, adolescents, and caregivers: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics, 67(1), Article 6053725. https://doi.org/10.1093/tropej/fmaa122
- Patrick, S. W., Henkhaus, L. E., Zickafoose, J. S., Lovell, K., Halvorson, A., Loch, S., Letterie, M., & Davis, M. M. (2020). The well-being of parents and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A national survey. Pediatrics, 146(4), Article e2020016824. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-016824
- Perez, D., Thalken, J. K., Ughelu, N. E., Knight, C. J., & Massey, W. V. (2021). Nowhere to go: Parents’ descriptions of children’s physical activity during a global pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, Article 642932. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.642932
- Picca, M., Manzoni, P., Milani, G. P., Mantovani, S., Cravidi, C., Mariani, D., Mezzopane, A., Marinello, R., Bove, C., Ferri, P., Macchi, M., & Agostoni, C. (2021). Distance learning, technological devices, lifestyle and behavior of children and their family during the COVID-19 lockdown in Lombardy: A survey. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 47, Article 203. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13052-021-01156-8
- Pietrobelli, A., Pecoraro, L., Ferruzzi, A., Heo, M., Faith, M., Zoller, T., Antoniazzi, F., Piacentini, G., Fearnbach, S. N., & Heymsfield, S. B. (2020). Effects of COVID-19 lockdown on lifestyle behaviors in children with obesity living in Verona, Italy: A longitudinal study. Obesity, 28(8), 1382–1385. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.22861
- Pombo, A., Luz, C., Rodrigues, L. P., de Sa, C. D. S. C., Siegle, C. B. H., Tortella, P., Fumagalli, G., & Cordovil, R. (2023). Children’s physical activity during the COVID-19 lockdown: A cross cultural comparison between Portugal, Brazil and Italy. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 130(2), 680–699. https://doi.org/10.1177/00315125231152662
- Ruíz-Roso, M. B., de Carvalho Padilha, P., Matilla-Escalante, D. C., Brun, P., Ulloa, N., Acevedo-Correa, D., Peres, W. A. F., Martorell, M., Carrilho, T. R. B., de Oliveira Cardoso, L., Carrasco-Marín, F., Paternina-Sierra, K., de las Hazas, M.-C. L., Rodriguez-Meza, J. E., Villalba-Montero, L. F., Bernabè, G., Pauletto, A., Taci, X., Cárcamo-Regla, R., … Dávalos, A. (2020). Changes of physical activity and ultra-processed food consumption in adolescents from different countries during COVID-19 pandemic: An observational study. Nutrients, 12(8), Article 2289. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12082289
- Sandford, A. (2020, April 2). Coronavirus: Half of humanity now on lockdown as 90 countries call for confinement. Euronews. https://www.euronews.com/2020/04/02/coronavirus-in-europe-spain-s-death-toll-hits-10-000-after-record-950-new-deaths-in-24-hou
- Schmidt, S. C. E, Anedda, B., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Nigg, C., Neissner, C., Oriwol, D., Worth, A., & Woll, A. (2020). Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: A natural experiment. Scientific Reports, 10(1), Article 21780. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4
- Segre, G., Campi, R., Scarpellini, F., Clavenna, A., Zanetti, M., Cartabia, M., & Bonati, M. (2021). Interviewing children: The impact of the COVID-19 quarantine on children’s perceived psychological distress and changes in routine. BMC Pediatrics, 21, Article 231. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02704-1
- ten Velde, G., Lubrecht, J., Arayess, L., van Loo, C., Hesselink, M., Reijnders, D., & Vreugdenhil, A. (2021). Physical activity behaviour and screen time in Dutch children during the COVID-19 pandemic: Pre-, during-, and post-school closures. Pediatric Obesity, 16(9), Article e12779. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijpo.12779
- Toombs, E., Mushquash, C. J., Mah, L., Short, K., Young, N., Cheng, C., Zhu, L., Strudwick, G., Birken, C., Hopkins, J., Korczak, D. J., Perkhun, A., & Born, K. B. (2022). Increased screen time for children and youth during the COVID-19 pandemic. Science Briefs of the Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, 3(59), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.2022.03.59.1.0
- Trott, M., Driscoll, R., Irlado, E., & Pardhan, S. (2022). Changes and correlates of screen time in adults and children during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. eClinicalMedicine, 48, Article 101452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2022.101452
- Tsoukalis-Chaikalis, N., Kipoulas, E., Chaniotis, D., Carayanni, V., Stamatopoulou, A., Stamatopoulou, E., & Chaniotis, F. (2023). The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and school closures on children and young people: A scoping review. Review of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics, International Edition 37(3), 129–140. https://doi.org/10.61873/ZIUM1367
- Turkish Statistical Institute. (2021). Yıllık ortalama hanehalkı kullanılabilir geliri 69 bin 349 TL oldu [The annual average household disposable income was 69 thousand 349 TL]. https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/Index?p=Gelir-ve-Yasam-Kosullari-Arastirmasi-2020-37404
- Wang, X., Lei, S. M., Le, S., Yang, Y., Zhang, B., Yao, W., Gao, Z., & Cheng, S. (2020). Bidirectional influence of the COVID-19 pandemic lockdowns on health behaviors and quality of life among Chinese adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), Article 5575. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155575
- Zajacova, A., Jehn, A., Stackhouse, M., Denice, P., & Ramos, H. (2020). Changes in health behaviours during early COVID-19 and socio-demographic disparities: A cross-sectional analysis. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 111(6), 953–962. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-020-00434-y

