Résumés
Abstract
This study discusses Holocene vegetation succession, permafrost dynamics and peat accumulation in the Usinsk mire, located in the Pechora lowlands of Northeast European Russia. At present, the area is situated in the extreme northern taiga subzone near the southern limit of permafrost. Reconstructions are based on plant macrofossil analysis, physico-chemical analysis and AMS (accelerator mass spectrometry) radiocarbon dating of two peat profiles investigated in detail. Additional information is available from seven other sites. Organic accumulation started at ca. 11 350 BP (14C yrs). Terrestrialization of ponds was the most common pathway for mire initiation. During a large part of their history, the sites have been Cyperaceae-dominated fens. A change into Sphagnum-dominated ecosystems is recorded at 3700-3000 BP. Permafrost became established around 2300 BP, although first signs of embryonic palsa formation can be tentatively traced back to about 2900 BP. Palsas and peat plateaus have experienced several periods of freezing and entire or partial thawing. The extant permafrost stages are young. The long-term carbon accumulation rate in the investigated sites is 19 g/m2/yr. The average rate of carbon accumulation in the dynamic permafrost stage is 23 g/m2/yr.
Résumé
Cette étude discute de la succession de la végétation, de la dynamique du pergélisol et de l'accumulation de la tourbe à l'Holocène dans la tourbière d'Usinsk, située dans les basses terres de Pechora, au nord-est de la Russie d’Europe. La région se trouve dans l'extrême nord de la taïga actuelle, près de la limite méridionale du pergélisol. Les reconstitutions sont fondées sur l'analyse macrofossile des plantes, l'analyse physico-chimique et les dates au radiocarbone déterminées par spectrométrie de masse à l’aide d’un accélérateur de particules (SMA) de deux profils de tourbe étudiés en détail. De l'information additionnelle provient de sept autres sites. L'accumulation de matière organique a commencé vers 11 350 BP (années 14C). L’accumulation de tourbe dans les étangs était alors le point de départ le plus habituel des tourbières. Pendant une grande partie de leur formation, ces sites ont été des marais dominés par les Cyperaceae. La transition vers des écosystèmes dominés par les Sphagnum est enregistrée entre 3700 et 3000 BP. Le pergélisol s'est établi vers 2300 BP, bien que des signes de formation embryonnaire de palses soient déjà observables vers 2900 BP. Les palses ont connu plusieurs épisodes de gel et de dégel complet ou partiel. Les couches de pergélisol actuellement observables sont d'origine récente. Le taux d'accumulation du carbone à long terme dans les sites étudiés est de 19 g/m2/an. Le taux moyen d'accumulation du pergélisol en phase active est de 23 g/m2/an.
Реферат
Изучены развитие растительности в голоцене, динамика вечной мерзлоты и аккумуляция торфа на Усинском болоте, которое находится на Печорской равнине Северо-Востока европейской Россий. В настоящее время район расположен в крайнесеверной тайге вближи южной границы вечной мерзлоты. Реконструкция основана на анализе растительных остатков, физико-химического анализа и радиоуглеродной датировки (AMS) двух подробно изученных профилей торфа. Также получена информация из семи других точек. Органическая аккумуляция началась примерно в 11 350 BP (14C годы). заболачивание как правило пройсходило путем зарастания озер. На протяжении большей части их развития в растительности изученных болотных участков преобладало семейство Cyperaceae. Изменение в преобладании Sphagnum отмечено в 3700-3000 BP. Вечная мерзлота сформировалась в 2300 BP, хотя первые признаки формации эмбрионального мерзлотного бугра можно проследить в 2900 BP. Мерзлотные бугры проходили многие периоды замерзания и полного или частичного таяния. Существующие в настоящее время мерзлотные фазы молодые. Долгосрочная скорость аккумуляции угля на изученных участках 19 гр/м2/г. Средняя скорость аккумуляции в динамичной фазе вечной мерзлоты 23 гр/м2/г.
Parties annexes
References
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