Résumés
Abstract
Inuit have contributed to museum collections for centuries, first through ethnographic collecting for early explorers, and later for traders, whalers, and government officials. Inuit have also contributed to collections through archaeological work as field assistants, archaeologists and through field schools. Archaeological field schools in Nunavut have trained young Inuit in archaeological field methods and community collaboration since the 1990s and into the early 2000s. Building on the field schools in Iglulik in the 1990s, archaeological work with Inuit communities in Nunavut since 1999 fostered the concepts of Indigenous archaeology early in the history of field schools in Nunavut. In this paper, Krista Ulujuk Zawadski and Ericka Chemko share their experiences on field schools that took place in Nunavut as organized by the Inuit Heritage Trust Inc. (IHT) from 2002-2008 through discussions and personal reflections, offering insight into the field schools and Inuit contributions to contemporary Arctic archaeology and anthropology.
Keywords:
- Nunavut,
- Indigenous archaeology,
- field school,
- community collaboration,
- education
Résumé
Les Inuit contribuent aux collections des musées depuis des siècles, d’abord en collectant des données ethnographiques pour les premiers explorateurs, puis pour les commerçants, les baleiniers et les fonctionnaires. Les Inuit ont également contribué aux collections en travaillant dans le domaine de l’archéologie en tant qu’assistants de terrain, archéologues et dans le cadre d’écoles de fouilles archéologiques. Depuis les années 1990 et jusqu’au début des années 2000, les écoles de fouilles archéologiques du Nunavut forment de jeunes Inuit aux méthodes de l’archéologie de terrain et à la collaboration avec les communautés. S’appuyant sur les écoles de fouilles d’Iglulik dans les années 1990, le travail archéologique avec les communautés inuit du Nunavut depuis 1999 a favorisé les concepts de l’archéologie autochtone dès le début de l’histoire des écoles de fouilles archéologiques au Nunavut. Dans cet article, Krista Ulujuk Zawadski et Ericka Chemko partagent leurs expériences sur les écoles de fouilles archéologiques organisées au Nunavut par l’Inuit Heritage Trust Inc. (IHT) de 2002 à 2008 à travers des discussions et des réflexions personnelles, offrant un aperçu des écoles d’archologie, et des contributions inuit à l’archéologie et à l’anthropologie contemporaines de l’Arctique.
Mots-clés :
- Nunavut,
- archéologie autochtone,
- écoles de fouilles archéologiques,
- collaboration communautaire,
- éducation
ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓕᐊᖅ
ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᑯᒐᓐᓈᒐᖃᕐᕕᒻᒧᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓂᖅ ᐊᒥᓱᒻᒪᕆᓐᓄᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᓂᑦ, ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅ ᖃᖓᓂᑕᐃᑦ ᑎᑎᕋᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓂᑯᐃ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓂᖅ ᓯᕗᓪᓕᖅᐹᑦ ᕿᒥᕐᕈᐊᖅᑐᓂᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐅᕙᑦᑎᐊᕈᑦ ᑕᐅᒃᓰᖅᑐᓂᑦ, ᐊᒡᕕᖅᓯᐅᕐᑏᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᒐᕙᒪᓕᕆᔨᑯᓐᓂᑦ. ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᓯᓯᖃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᑎᖅᓱᐃᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᔪᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᓂᑦ, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᕕᓐᓂᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓇᔪᕐᕕᒻᒥᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃᑯᑦ. ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᐃᑦ ᓇᔪᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐱᓕᒻᒪᒃᓴᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᒪᒃᑯᒃᑐᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑦᑐᓂᒃ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓄᓇᓕᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑎᒌᓐᓂᑦ 1990 ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᒍ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ 2000 ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ. ᐃᓚᒋᐊᖅᖢᑎ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᓴᓕᕆᓂᖅ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖅᓯᒪᓂᖅ ᐃᒡᓗᓕᒻᒥ 1990 ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑎᓪᓗᒍ, ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᓕᕆᐊᒃᓴᐃᑦ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᓄᓇᓕᖏᓐᓂ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ 1999 ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᒍ ᑎᒍᓯᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᖃᖓᓂᑕᐃᑦ ᐱᖁᑎᓄᑦ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕖᑦ ᐱᒋᐊᓕᓵᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ. ᑖᔅᓱᒪ ᐅᖃᓕᒫᒐᒃᓴᓂ, ᑯᕆᔅᑕ ᐅᓗᔪᒃ ᔭᕙᑦᔅᑭ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᕆᑲ ᑭᒻᑯ ᑐᓴᒐᒃᓴᐅᑎᑦᑎᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐃᓕᓯᒪᔭᒥᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒻᒥ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥ ᐋᖅᑭᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᔨᒃᑯᓐᓂᑦ (IHT) ᐱᒋᐊᖅᑐᒍ 2002-2008 ᐅᖃᖃᑎᒌᓐᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᒻᒥᒃᑯᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᖏᑎᒍᑦ, ᑐᓂᐅᖅᑲᐃᓂᖅ ᖃᓄᐃᓕᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᓂᑦ ᓇᔪᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᓐᓄᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᑐᓂᔭᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᓪᓗᒥ ᐅᑭᐅᖅᑕᖅᑐᒥ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᐃᓕᖅᑯᓯᓕᕆᓂᕐᒧᑦ.
ᑎᑎᖅᑲᐃᑦ:
- ᓄᓇᕗᑦ,
- ᓄᓇᖃᖅᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᑦᑕᕐᓂᑕᐃᑦ,
- ᓇᔪᕐᕕᒃ ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ,
- ᓄᓇᓕᒥ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑏᑦ,
- ᐃᓕᓐᓂᐊᕐᕕᒃ
Parties annexes
References
- Atalay, Sonya. 2012. Community-Based Archaeology Research with, by, and for Indigenous and Local Communities. Berkeley: University of California Press.
- Bruchac, Margaret M. 2014. “Indigenous Knowledge and Traditional Knowledge.” In Encyclopedia of Global Archaeology, edited by C. Smith, 3814–3824. New York: Springer.
- Bruchac, Margaret M., Siobhan Hart, and H. Martin Wobst, eds. 2010. Indigenous Archaeologies: A Reader in Decolonization. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast Press.
- Chemko, Ericka. 2006. “In the Field: Qilalukan Archaeology Field School 2005.” Naniiliqpita Spring: 22–26.
- Gonzalez, Sara L., Darren Modzelewski, Lee M. Panich, and Tsim D. Schneider. 2006. “Archaeology for the Seventh Generation.” American Indian Quarterly 30 (2/3): 388–415.
- Griebel, Brendan. 2010. “A Conflict of Interest: A Case study for Community Archaeology in Nunavut, Canadian Arctic.” Museum International 62 (1-2): 75–80.
- Griebel, Brendan, and Kitikmeot Heritage Society. 2013. “Building from the Ground Up: Reconstructing Visions of Community in Cambridge Bay, Nunavut.” Études Inuit Studies 37 (1): 9–33.
- Lyons, Natasha. 2013. Where the Wind Blows Us: Practicing Critical Community Archaeology in the Canadian North. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
- Mackenthun, Gesa, and Christen Mucher, eds. 2021. Decolonizing “Prehistory”: Deep Time and Indigenous Knowledges in North America. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
- Mathiassen, Therkel. 1927. Archaeology of the Central Eskimos, Parts I and II. Report of the Fifth Thule Expedition 1921-1924. Copenhagen: Gyldendalske Boghandel, Nordisk Forlag.
- Panich, Lee M., and Sara. L. Gonzalez, eds. 2021. The Routledge Handbook of the Archaeology of Indigenous-Colonial Interaction in the Americas. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
- Smith, Claire, and Hans Martin Wobst. 2005. Indigenous Archaeologies: Decolonising Theory and Practice. London and New York: Routledge Taylor & Francis Group.
- Steffian, Amy, Marnie Leist, Sven Haakanson, Jr., and Patrick Saltonstall. 2015. Kal’unek-from Karluk: Kodiak Alutiiq History and the Archaeology of the Karluk One Village Site. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Supernant, Kisha, Jane Eva Baxter, Natasha Lyons, and Sonya Atalay. 2020. Archaeologies of the Heart. City, Switzerland: Springer.
- University of Alberta. 2023. Institute of Prairie and Indigenous Archaeology. https://www.ualberta.ca/prairie-indigenous-archaeology/index.html
- Webster, Deborah Kigjugalik. 1999. “Informations Scientifiques/Scientific Information.” Études Inuit Studies 23 (1/2): 323–31.
- Webster, Deborah Kigjugalik, and John Bennett. 1997. “The Ittarnisalirijiit Conference on Inuit Archaeology.” In At a Crossroads: Archaeology and First Peoples in Canada, edited by G. P. Nicholas and T. D. Andrews, 247–251. Vancouver: Simon Fraser University Press.
- Zawadski, Krista Ulujuk. 2021. Personal Communication.
10.7202/1025252ar