Résumés
Abstract
Indigenous peoples in the Arctic have historically experienced a broad range of demographic and ecological adversities, the impacts of which sometimes included high mortalities and population dislocations. The anthropological literature has tended to emphasise the dramatic, negative impacts of such events on human groups—to an extent that implies the fabric of social life was typically devastated. This study takes a markedly different perspective by instead describing the resilience of Indigenous populations in the face of culturally traumatic events; in this case, a series of epidemic diseases and major declines in a very critical subsistence resource. Drawing on a rich collection of data documenting Indigenous land use and settlement patterns, the authors explore local responses to significant demographic adversities that befell the people of western Alaska in the 19th and early 20th centuries.
Résumé
Les peuples autochtones de l’Arctique ont connu, historiquement, un grand nombre d’adversités démographiques et écologiques, dont les impacts comprennent des taux de mortalité élevés et des déplacements de population. La littérature anthropologique a eu tendance à accentuer les effets dramatiques et négatifs de ces évènements sur les groupes humains — à un degré qui implique que la fabrique de la vie sociale a été dévastée. Cette étude adopte une perspective nettement différente en décrivant au contraire la résilience des populations autochtones face à des événements culturellement traumatiques; dans le cas présent, une série de maladies épidémiques et le déclin majeur d’une ressource essentielle à la subsistance. Tirant parti de la riche collection de données qui documentent les modes d’occupation et d’exploitation du rerritoire, les auteurs explorent les réactions locales aux adversités démographiques majeures qui ont touché les populations de l’ouest de l’Alaska au cours du XIXe siècle et au début du XXe siècle.
Parties annexes
Parties annexes
Archival sources
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