Résumés
Abstract
The anthropology of the Arctic (Inuit) societies is increasingly acknowledging a general urbanising trend throughout the region, encompassing small-scale, localized, communities as well as towns and cities. Inuit migrate to cities outside the Arctic and live in the North under circumstances strongly tinged by urbanism. Policy and academic literature suggests that there is an increasingly close relation between Arctic residents and cities. After an historic overview of permanent settlement in Nunavut and Greenland to illustrate the structural integration of Arctic societies, this article points to the fact that urbanisation follows historically specific trajectories and creates different urban situations. The author discusses the relevance of the concepts “urbanisation” and “urbanism” to the Arctic, and proposes an urban anthropological perspective that offers a productive way to approach the globalised social and cultural realities of the contemporary Arctic.
Résumé
L’anthropologie des sociétés inuit de l’Arctique perçoit de plus en plus une tendance générale à l’urbanisation à travers toute la région, tendance qui englobe les communautés locales à petite échelle aussi bien que les bourgades et les villes. Les Inuit migrent vers les villes extérieures à l’Arctique et vivent dans le Nord dans des conditions fortement teintées d’urbanisation. Les ouvrages universitaires et politiques suggèrent qu’il existe une relation de plus en plus étroite entre les résidents de l’Arctique et les villes. Après un survol historique des habitats permanents du Nunavut et du Groenland, afin d’illustrer l’intégration structurelle des sociétés arctiques, cet article démontre que l’urbanisation suit des trajectoires historiques spécifiques créant des situations urbaines différentes. L’auteure discute de la pertinence des concepts «d’urbanisation» et «d’urbanisme» lorsqu’on les applique à l’Arctique, et propose une perspective d’anthropologie urbaine susceptible de représenter une manière productive d’envisager les réalités sociales et culturelles mondialisées de l’Arctique contemporain.
Parties annexes
References
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10.7202/009279ar