Résumés
Résumé
Les caméras corporelles sont souvent évaluées comme un outil pouvant amener les policiers et les citoyens à agir plus conformément aux attentes et normes sociales lorsqu’ils sont filmés. La Ville de Montréal a récemment mené un déploiement partiel de caméras corporelles afin d’évaluer la faisabilité et la pertinence d’équiper l’ensemble de ses policiers de cette technologie. Le présent article vise à évaluer l’impact quantitatif de l’implantation de caméras corporelles sur plusieurs indicateurs liés à la qualité des interventions police-citoyens à Montréal. Ces indicateurs proviennent de statistiques officielles, de sondages auprès de personnes ayant reçu un constat d’intervention et de données de la cour municipale de Montréal. Ces données ont été analysées en utilisant la méthode des doubles différences, c’est-à-dire en comparant les périodes avant et pendant l’implantation des caméras corporelles, pour le groupe expérimental et le groupe contrôle. Les résultats proposent que les caméras aient eu peu d’impact sur les interactions police-citoyens, principalement en raison du nombre de cas très limité ou d’un niveau de satisfaction à la base élevé qui rendaient improbable la détection d’un quelconque effet statistiquement significatif.
Mots-clés :
- Police,
- caméras corporelles,
- dissuasion,
- méthode des doubles différences,
- Montréal
Abstract
Most studies of body-worn cameras discuss their deterrent effect : the hope that using them will lead to changes in the behavior of those who are filmed, whether police officers or citizens. The city of Montreal recently conducted a pilot project to evaluate whether it was feasible and useful to make body-worn cameras standard equipment for all its patrol officers. This article assesses the quantitative impact of body-worn cameras on various indicators related to the quality of police-citizen interactions. Data from official statistics, surveys of citizens who received traffic tickets, and municipal court sessions were analyzed using difference-in-difference models to compare pre- and post- implementation results in control and experimental groups. Results suggest that body-worn cameras had little impact on police-citizens interactions, largely because the number of cases involved was very low and satisfaction levels were already high. Given this, it was unlikely that statistically significant relationships would be found, regardless of the method used.
Keywords:
- Police,
- body-worn cameras,
- deterrence,
- difference-in-difference models,
- Montreal
Resumen
Las cámaras corporales son frecuentemente evaluadas como un útil que puede llevar a los policías y a los ciudadanos a actuar más en conformidad con las expectativas y normas sociales cuando son filmados. Recientemente, la ciudad de Montreal realizó un despliegue parcial de cámaras corporales, con el fin de evaluar la viabilidad y la pertinencia de equipar el conjunto de sus policías con esta tecnología. Este artículo busca evaluar el impacto cuantitativo de la implantación de cámaras corporales sobre varios indicadores, ligados a la calidad de las intervenciones policía-ciudadanos en Montreal. Estos indicadores provienen de estadísticas oficiales, de encuestas de personas que han recibido una declaración de intervención y de datos de la Corte Municipal de Montreal. Estos datos fueron analizados, utilizando el método de la doble diferencia, es decir, comparando los períodos de antes y durante la implantación de las cámaras corporales, para el grupo experimental y el grupo control. Los resultados sugieren que las cámaras tuvieron poco impacto sobre las interacciones policía-ciudadanos, principalmente por el número muy limitado de casos, o de un nivel de satisfacción elevado en la base, que hizo improbable la detección de cualquier efecto estadísticamente significativo.
Palabras clave:
- Policía,
- cámaras corporales,
- disuasión,
- método de la doble diferencia,
- Montreal
Parties annexes
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