Résumés
Abstract
Governments and communities have long struggled to confront the persistent challenge of encampments, a direct outcome of homelessness. In recent years, North America and Europe have relied primarily on punitive laws and coercive practices, such as camp evictions involving police and bulldozers, to manage outdoor homelessness. These measures, however, disregard human rights, particularly those of Indigenous communities, and expose the tension between public order policies and basic survival needs. This study examines a period in January 2024, when Thunder Bay witnessed the voluntary and complete departure of individuals from encampments without coercion or forced removal. Unlike many cities that depend on punitive approaches, Thunder Bay succeeded through a collaborative, community-led strategy supported by temporary winter funding. Yet, when this funding ended in March 2024, encampments resurfaced, underscoring the necessity of sustained investment in non-coercive housing solutions. The case emphasizes the importance of long-term funding and supportive networks in addressing homelessness.
Keywords:
- Homelessness,
- Encampments,
- Collaboration
Résumé
Depuis longtemps, les gouvernements et les communautés tentent de combattre le défi persistant des campements, conséquence directe de l’itinérance. Ces dernières années, l’Amérique du Nord et l’Europe se sont appuyées principalement sur des lois punitives et des pratiques coercitives, telles que les expulsions de campements menées avec l’intervention de la police et de bulldozers, pour gérer l’itinérance extérieure. Ces méthodes négligent toutefois les droits humains, en particulier ceux des communautés autochtones, et révèlent la tension entre les politiques de maintien de l’ordre public et les besoins élémentaires de survie. Cette étude analyse un moment marquant de janvier 2024, lorsque Thunder Bay a connu le départ volontaire et complet des personnes vivant dans les campements, sans contrainte ni expulsion forcée. Contrairement à d’autres villes, Thunder Bay a réussi grâce à une démarche collaborative soutenue par un financement hivernal temporaire. Cependant, la fin de ce financement en mars 2024 a entraîné la réapparition des campements, soulignant la nécessité d’investissements durables dans des solutions de logement non coercitives. Ce cas illustre l’importance d’un financement à long terme et de réseaux de soutien dans la lutte contre l’itinérance.
Mots-clés :
- itinérance,
- campements,
- collaboration
Parties annexes
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