Résumés
Abstract
In many contexts around the world, colonial-settler heritage policies and local planning processes contribute to the ongoing loss of Indigenous archaeological heritage (IAH). Many intertwined factors contribute to this loss, including colonial systems that do not recognize the inherent rights of Indigenous people to manage their heritage on their own terms. Here, we explore the challenges that heritage policies and local planning systems present to robust IAH conservation. We focus on the island of Xwe’etay, in the Salish Sea of British Columbia and the governing bodies that control or have an interest in its heritage. Our interviews with local planners, First Nations, and others inform three central issues foundational to IAH planning: 1) jurisdiction and planning scope; 2) regulation and enforcement; and 3) capacity and resource limitations. We find that top-down, colonial regulations that guide heritage management practices are failing to adequately protect Indigenous archaeological heritage, while also instilling uncertainty and fear among settler landowners. Engaging First Nation and settler community members in IAH conservation, active relationship-building, knowledge mobilization, and enhanced local jurisdiction may present pathways to better protect IAH.
Keywords:
- planning,
- archeology,
- Indigenous archaeological heritage,
- policy
Résumé
Dans de nombreux contextes à travers le monde, les politiques patrimoniales des colons et les processus d’aménagement local contribuent à l’effacement du patrimoine archéologique autochtone (PAA). De nombreux facteurs interconnectés contribuent à cette perte, y compris les systèmes coloniaux qui ne reconnaissent pas les droits inhérents des Peuples Autochtones à gérer leur patrimoine selon leurs propres termes. Ici, nous explorons les défis que les politiques patrimoniales et les systèmes d’aménagement local posent à une conservation robuste du PAA. Nous nous concentrons sur l'île de Xwe’etay, dans la mer des Salish en Colombie-Britannique, et sur les organismes de gouvernance qui contrôlent ou ont un intérêt dans son patrimoine. Nos entretiens avec des urbanistes locaux, Peuples Autochtones, et d'autres personnes éclairent trois enjeux centraux fondamentaux pour l’aménagement du PAA: 1) la juridiction et la portée de l’aménagement; 2) la réglementation et l'application; et 3) les limites de capacité et de ressources. Nous constatons que les réglementations coloniales descendantes qui guident les pratiques de gestion du patrimoine ne parviennent pas à protéger adéquatement le patrimoine archéologique autochtone, tout en instillant également l'incertitude et la peur parmi les propriétaires terriens colons. Engager les membres des communautés des Premières Nations et des colons dans la conservation des EIA, le développement de relations actives, la mobilisation des connaissances et le renforcement de la juridiction locale pourrait offrir des avenues pour mieux protéger les PAA.
Mots-clés :
- aménagement,
- archéologie,
- patrimoine archéologique autochtone,
- politique
Parties annexes
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