Résumés
Abstract
As climate change becomes a pressing issue, there are many concerns about the vulnerability and autonomy of small island developing states like the Caribbean, and relatedly, for the meaningfulness of the initiatives that are being designed and implemented to build community resilience. We use a decolonial framework and semi structured interviews with nine governmental and non-governmental community-based climate change actors in Trinidad and Tobago to explore the issues impacting community resilience. Thematic analyses point to community resilience constructions as bottom-up initiatives built on principles of participatory action, access, and co-creation of initiatives. Implications for community-based resilience are also addressed.
Keywords:
- Climate change,
- Community-based interventions,
- Resilience,
- Small Island Developing States (SIDS),
- Trinidad & Tobago
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Abreu, J. S., Domit, C., & Zappes, C. A. (2017). Is there dialogue between researchers and traditional community members? The importance of integration between traditional knowledge and scientific knowledge to coastal management. Ocean & coastal management, 141, 10-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.03.003
- Adams, E. (2010, January 1). Community violence in Trinidad and Tobago: Government inaction, drug blocks, and resident survival. Figshare. https://hdl.handle.net/10027/12762
- Adams, E. B. (2012). “We are like prey.” Race and Justice, 2(4), 274–303. https://doi.org/10.1177/2153368712452434
- Ahmed, Y. (2021). Political discourse analysis: A decolonial approach. Critical Discourse Studies, 18(1), 139–155. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405904.2020.1755707
- Anderson, J. (2004). The politics of Indigenous knowledge: Australia’s proposed communal moral rights bill. UNSW Law Journal, 27(3), 585–604.
- Andrewin, A., Rodriguez-Llanes, J. M., & Guha-Sapir, D. (2015). Determinants of the lethality of climate-related disasters in the Caribbean Community (CARICOM): A cross-country analysis. Scientific Reports, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep11972
- Baptiste, A. K. (2018). Climate change knowledge, concerns, and behaviors among Caribbean fishers. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 8, 51-62.
- Bankoff, G. (2019). Remaking the world in our own image: Vulnerability, resilience and adaptation as historical discourses. Disasters, 43(2), 221-239.
- Barrett, C. B., & Constas, M. A. (2014). Toward a theory of resilience for international development applications. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 111(40), 14625-14630.
- Beckford, C. (2018). Climate change resiliency in Caribbean SIDS: Building greater synergies between science and local and traditional knowledge. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences, 8, 42-50.
- Betzold, C. (2015). Adapting to climate change in small island developing states. Climatic Change, 133(3), 481-489. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-015-1408-0
- Bourbeau, P. (2015). Resilience and international politics: Premises, debates, agenda. International studies review, 17(3), 374-395.
- Bresnen, M., Edelman, L., Newell, S., Scarbrough, H., & Swan, J. (2003). Social practices and the management of knowledge in project environments. International Journal of Project Management, 21(3), 157-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0263-7863(02)00090-X
- Buder, E. (2019, June 13). The feminist, anti-colonialist scientific approach to micro-plastics and pollution. The Atlantic. https://www.theatlantic.com/video/index/591640/recycling-plastics/?fbclid=IwAR3YrTHKnCTej_odUnDLTkmQaEXuWH5Z2qp7tKZtyaZDPwLCsMn1RuAM7RI&utm_campaign=the-atlantic&utm_content=5d07025be84fc20001cecb7c_ta&utm_medium=social&utm_source=facebook
- Collymore, J. (2011). Disaster management in the Caribbean: Perspectives on institutional capacity reform and development. Environmental Hazards, 10(1), 6-22. https://doi.org/10.3763/ehaz.2011.0002
- Easterly, W. (2008). Reinventing Foreign Aid. MIT Press.
- Deeming, H., Fordham, M., Kuhlicke, C., Pedoth, L., Schneiderbauer, S., & Shreve, C. (2019). Framing Community Disaster Resilience. John Wiley & Sons.
- del Mar Delgado-Serrano, M., Mistry, J., Matzdorf, B., & Leclerc, G. (2017). Community-based management of environmental challenges in Latin America and the Caribbean. Ecology and Society, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-08924-220104
- De Soto, J. M. A. (2019). Dependency and intervention: The case of Guatemala in 1954. Routledge. Draft National Policy on Sustainable Community Development (DNPSC) for Trinidad and Tobago Ministry of Community Development, Culture and the Arts. July 2018 ii. http://parlcloud.ttparliament.org:8081/PapersLaidViewer/TempFiles/Draft%20National%20Policy%20on%20Sustainable%20Community%20Development.pdf
- Eversole, R. (2011). Community agency and community engagement: Re-theorising participation in governance. Journal of Public Policy, 31(1), 51-71.
- Foley, A., Moncada, S., Mycoo, M., Nunn, P. D., Tandrayen-Ragoobur, V., & Evans, C. (2022). Small island developing states in a post‐pandemic world: Challenges and opportunities for climate action. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change, 13(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.769
- Forster, J., Lake, I. R., Watkinson, A. R., & Gill, J. A. (2014). Marine dependent livelihoods and resilience to environmental change: A case study of Anguilla. Marine Policy, 45, 204-212.
- Guyvenchy, F., Popescu, G., Șmuleac, L., & Pascalau, R. (2023). Developing sustainable ecosystems in the Caribbean area. Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 55(4), 67-75.
- Hagedoorn, L. C., Brander, L. M., Van Beukering, P. J. H., Dijkstra, H. M., Franco, C., Hughes, L., Gilders, I. & Segal, B. (2019). Community-based adaptation to climate change in small island developing states: An analysis of the role of social capital. Climate and Development, 11(8), 723-734. https://doi.org/10.1080/17565529.2018.1562869
- Hassanali, K. (2017). Challenges in mainstreaming climate change into productive coastal sectors in a Small Island State: The case of Trinidad and Tobago. Ocean & Coastal Management, 142, 136–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2017.04.001
- Healey, P. (2013). Circuits of knowledge and techniques: The transnational flow of planning ideas and practices. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 37(5), 1510-1526. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12044
- Hinds K. (2023). Invisible on the globe but not in the global: Decolonising IR using small island vistas. Review of International Studies, 49(3), 368-378. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0260210523000153
- Hill Collins, P. (1992). Black Feminist thought: knowledge, consciousness, and the politics of empowerment. Contemporary Sociology, 21(1), 132. https://doi.org/10.2307/2074808
- Hofman, C. L., Stancioff, C. E., Richards, A., Nanichi Auguiste, I., Sutherland, A., & Hoogland, M. L. (2021). Resilient Caribbean communities: A long-term perspective on sustainability and social adaptability to natural hazards in the Lesser Antilles. Sustainability, 13(17), 9807. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13179807
- International Monetary Fund. (2019). Building resilience in developing countries vulnerable to large natural disasters. Policy Papers, 19(020), 1. https://doi.org/10.5089/9781498321020.007
- Iwama, A. Y., Araos, F., Anbleyth-Evans, J., Marchezini, V., Ruiz-Luna, A., Ther-Ríos, F., ... & Perkins, P. E. (2021). Multiple knowledge systems and participatory actions in slow-onset effects of climate change: Insights and perspectives in Latin America and the Caribbean. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, 50, 31-42.
- Kimmerer, R. W. (2020). Braiding sweetgrass: Indigenous wisdom, scientific knowledge and the teachings of plants. Penguin UK.
- Korosteleva, E. A., & Flockhart, T. (2020). Resilience in EU and international institutions: Redefining local ownership in a new global governance agenda. Contemporary Security Policy, 41(2), 153-175.
- Lee, D., & Smith, N. J. (2010). Small state discourses in the international political economy. Third World Quarterly, 31(7), 1091-1105. https://doi.org/10.1080/01436597.2010.518750
- Levitt, K. (2005). Reclaiming development: Independent thought and Caribbean community. Ian Randle Publishers.
- Lewis, C. T. (2022). Climate change and the Caribbean: Challenges and vulnerabilities in building resilience to tropical cyclones. Climate, 10(11), 178. https://doi.org/10.3390/cli10110178
- Lewis-Cameron, A., Jordan, L., & Roberts, S. (2021). Managing crises in tourism: Resilience strategies from the Caribbean. Springer Nature.
- Milupi, I. D., Somers, M. J. & Ferguson, W. (2017). A review of community-based natural resource management. Applied Ecology and Environment Research, 15(4), 1121–1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1504_11211143
- Mercer, J., Kelman, I., Alfthan, B., & Kurvits, T. (2012). Ecosystem-based adaptation to climate change in Caribbean small island developing states: Integrating local and external knowledge. Sustainability, 4(8), 1908-1932. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4081908
- Musesengwa, R., & Chimbari, M. J. (2017). Experiences of community members and researchers on community engagement in an Ecohealth project in South Africa and Zimbabwe. BMC medical ethics, 18, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-017-0236-3
- Narayan, U. (2001). The project of feminist epistemology: Perspectives from a nonwestern feminist. In S. Harding (Ed.), The Feminist Standpoint Theory Reader: Intellectual and Political Controversies. Routledge.
- Nixon, A. V., & King, R. S. (2013). Embodied theories: Local knowledge(s), community organizing, and feminist methodologies in Caribbean sexuality studies. Caribbean Review of Gender Studies, (7), 1-16.
- Oliveira, S., & Pinto, L. M. C. (2021). Choice experiments to elicit the users’ preferences for coastal erosion management: The case of Praia da Amorosa. Environment, Development and Sustainability, 23(7), 9749-9765.
- Omodan, B. I., & Dastile, N. P. (2023). Analysis of participatory action research as a decolonial research methodology. Social Sciences, 12(9), 507. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci12090507
- Pacific Disaster Center. (2020). Trinidad and Tobago: National disaster preparedness baseline assessment. https://www.pdc.org/wp-content/uploads/NDPBA_TTO_Final_Report.pdf
- Payne, R. A., & Samhat, N. H. (2004). Democratizing global politics: Discourse norms, international regimes, and political community. Suny Press.
- Rawlins, S. C., Chen, A., Rawlins, J. M., Chadee, D. D., & Legall, G. (2007). A knowledge, attitudes and practices study of the issues of climate change/variability impacts and public health in Trinidad and Tobago, and St Kitts and Nevis. West Indian Medical Journal, 56(2), 115.
- Rhiney, K. (2015). Geographies of Caribbean vulnerability in a changing climate: Issues and trends. Geography Compass, 9(3), 97-114.
- Rhiney, K. (2017). Livelihood in/securities, vulnerability and resilience to global change in the Caribbean agriculture sector. Caribbean In/Securities: Creativity and Negotiation in the Caribbean (CARISCC) Working Papers Series, 1-3.
- Rodriguez, F. (2023). Dispelling myths: A decolonial framework to engage marginalized histories. Visual Arts Research, 49(1), 73–87.
- Shah, K. U., Dulal, H. B., Johnson, C., & Baptiste, A. K. (2013). Understanding livelihood vulnerability to climate change: Applying the livelihood vulnerability index in Trinidad and Tobago. Geoforum, 47, 125–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2013.04.004
- Shalowitz, M., Isacco, A., Barquin, N., Clark-Kauffman, E., Delger, P., Nelson, D., Quinn, A., & Wagenaar, K. (2009). Community-based participatory research: A review of the literature with strategies for community engagement. Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics, 30(4), 350–361. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0b013e3181b0ef14
- Sutton, P. (2006). Caribbean development: An overview. New West Indian Guide/Nieuwe West-Indische Gids, 80(1-2), 45-62.
- Taylor, M. A., Stephenson, T. S., Chen, A. A., & Stephenson, K. A. (2012). Climate change and the Caribbean: Review and response. Caribbean studies, 40(2), 169-200.
- Touza, J., Lacambra, C., Kiss, A., Amboage, R. M., Sierra, P., Solan, M., ... & White, P. C. (2021). Coping and adaptation in response to environmental and climatic stressors in Caribbean coastal communities. Environmental management, 68(4), 505-521.
- Thomas, A., Shooya, O., Rokitzki, M., Bertrand, M., & Lissner, T. (2019). Climate change adaptation planning in practice: Insights from the Caribbean. Regional Environmental Change, 19(7), 2013–2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10113-019-01540-5
- Tuck, E., & Yang, K. W. (2012). Decolonization is not a metaphor. Decolonization: Indigeneity, Education & Society, 1(1), 1–40.
- United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction. (2007, August 30th). Resilience. https://www.undrr.org/terminology/resilience
- USAID. (2020). Jamaica: Country development cooperation strategy 2020-2025. https://www.usaid.gov/sites/default/files/202205/Jamaica_CDCS_2020_2025_external.pdf
- Verrest, H. (2007). Home-based economic activities and Caribbean urban livelihoods: Vulnerability, ambition and impact in Paramaribo and Port of Spain. Amsterdam University Press.
- Wallerstein, N. & Duran, B. (2010). Community-based participatory research contributions to intervention research: The intersection of science and practice to improve health equity. American Journal of Public Health, 100(S1), 40–46. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2009.184036
- Wilkens, J., & Datchoua-Tirvaudey, A. R. C. (2022). Researching climate justice: A decolonial approach to global climate governance. International Affairs, 98(1), 125–143. https://doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiab209
- Wright, K. (2021). Community resilience: A critical perspective. Routledge.
- Yawson, D. O., Boateng, G. O., Payne, K., Joyette, A., & Armah, F. A. (2024). Perceived changes in the quality of terrestrial, coastal, marine environment and natural resources in coastal communities in the Caribbean. Local Environment, 29(6), 823-847.