Résumés
Résumé
La pollution de l’air est une nuisance environnementale majeure dans les villes d’Afrique de l’Ouest. L’urbanisation rapide avec un étalement non maîtrisé et la forte croissance du parc automobile contribuent à augmenter les niveaux de pollution de l’air. Cette étude vise à répondre à deux objectifs principaux : établir les caractéristiques de l’environnement routier influençant significativement les concentrations de dioxyde d’azote et de particules et produire des cartes de prédiction des niveaux de concentration de ces polluants pour l’ensemble du réseau routier d’Abidjan. Une collecte de données extensive a été réalisée avec des vélos instrumentés de capteurs mobiles en décembre 2021 (920 kilomètres et 71 heures). Les résultats des modèles généralisés additifs démontrent le rôle très important de l’environnement routier : les niveaux des trois polluants sont systématiquement plus élevés sur les autoroutes ainsi que sur les routes primaires, secondaires et tertiaires comparativement à une rue résidentielle. Les cartes de prédiction relèvent des patrons spatiaux bien différents pour le dioxyde d’azote en comparaison des matières particulaires.
Mots-clés :
- Pollution de l’air,
- exposition,
- modèles généralisés additifs,
- modèles bayésiens,
- statistique bayésienne,
- Abidjan
Abstract
Air pollution is a major environmental nuisance in West African cities. Rapid urbanization with uncontrolled sprawl and an increase in cars within the city contribute to increasing air pollution levels. This study aims to meet two main objectives: identify the environmental characteristics that significantly influence the nitrogen dioxide and particulate matter concentrations and produce maps predicting the concentration levels of these pollutants for the entire road network of Abidjan. Extensive data collection was carried out with bicycles equipped with mobile sensors in December 2021 (920 kilometers and 71 hours). The results of the generalized additive models demonstrate the very important role of the road environment: the concentrations of the three pollutants are systematically higher on highways, primary, secondary and tertiary roads compared to residential streets. The prediction maps show very different spatial patterns for nitrogen dioxide versus particulate matter.
Keywords:
- Air pollution,
- exposure,
- generalized additive models,
- bayesian statistics,
- Abidjan
Resumen
La contaminación del aire constituye un daño mayor en el medio ambiente de las ciudades del África del Oeste. La urbanización veloz, la expansión incontrolada y el fuerte crecimiento del parque automovilístico contribuyen al crecimiento de los niveles de contaminación del aire. Este estudio responde a dos objetivos principales: identificar las características ambientales de las carreteras que influencian significativamente las concentraciones de dioxido de nitrgóeno y material particulado ; producir mapas de predicción de estos contaminantes para toda la red de carreteras de Abijan. Se realizó una colecta extensiva de datos con bicicletas instrumentadas de captores móviles en diciembre 2021 (920 kilómetros y 71 horas). Los resultados de los modelos generalizados aditivos demuestran el rol importante del medio ambiente de carreteras: los niveles de concentración de los tres contaminantes son sistemáticamente más elevados en las autopistas, las rutas primarias, secundarias y terciarias si se los compara con los de una calle residencial. Los mapas de predicción revelan patrones espaciales bien diferentes para el dióxido de nitrógeno versus las materias particulares.
Palabras clave:
- Contaminación del aire,
- exposición,
- modelos generalizados aditivos,
- modelos bayesianos,
- estadística bayesiana,
- Abijan
Parties annexes
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