Résumés
Résumé
Depuis quelques décennies, le monopole des organisations policières sur le contrôle des déviances de leurs membres a été remis en question, conduisant à la création des systèmes d’enquêtes indépendantes sur la police (SEIP). Ces dispositifs visent à assurer une plus grande transparence et indépendance dans la gestion des comportements déviants au sein des forces de l’ordre. Cette étude, adoptant une perspective comparative pancanadienne et combinant une analyse documentaire à des entretiens avec des acteurs-clés du domaine, questionne la pertinence des typologies existantes, qui ne rendent pas compte de la complexité des SEIP. En effet, ces typologies reposent principalement sur une approche réactive des déviances policières, négligeant les efforts de prévention. Par ailleurs, elles omettent un facteur essentiel : l’écart entre les pouvoirs légaux théoriques et les ressources réelles (humaines, financières, administratives). Les résultats mettent en évidence des défis structurels affectant l’ensemble du système, notamment des délais prolongés dans le traitement des plaintes et une indépendance souvent compromise, ce qui nuit à la confiance du public. Ces constats conduisent à deux pistes de réforme majeures pour améliorer l'efficacité du système : le renforcement des stratégies de prévention et un recours élargi aux modes alternatifs de règlement des différends, notamment la médiation.
Mots-clés :
- Déviance policière,
- Systèmes d'enquêtes indépendantes sur la police (SEIP),
- Réformes,
- Prévention,
- Médiation
Abstract
Over the past few decades, the monopoly of police organizations over the regulating misconduct within their ranks has been increasingly challenged, leading to the establishment of External Police Oversight systems. These mechanisms aim to promote greater transparency and independence in addressing police misconduct. This study adopts a pan-Canadian comparative perspective, combining documentary analysis with interviews involving key stakeholders, to critically assess the relevance of existing typologies, which fail to capture the complexity of EPO systems. These typologies are largely based on reactive approaches to police deviance and tend to overlook preventive efforts. Furthermore, they neglect a crucial factor: the gap between the theoretical legal powers of EPO agencies and their actual resources — human, financial, and administrative. The findings reveal structural challenges affecting the entire system, including prolonged delays in complaint processing and compromised independence. These observations point to two reform avenues to enhance system effectiveness: strengthening preventive strategies and expanding the use of alternative dispute resolution mechanisms, particularly mediation.
Keywords:
- Police deviance,
- External Police Oversight (EPO) systems,
- Reforms,
- Prevention,
- Mediation
Parties annexes
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