Résumés
Résumé
Étant donné la forte exposition des jeunes aux violences en ligne, cette étude cherche à approfondir la compréhension du discours de haine en ligne en examinant les définitions et expériences individuelles tout en tenant compte de caractéristiques individuelles. Ainsi, vingt-quatre Belges de 15 à 25 ans confrontés à une expérience au moins de discours de haine en ligne et revêtant des profits variés en termes de genre, d’orientation sexuelle, d’origine culturelle et de statut auto-rapporté ont été rencontrés par le biais d’entretien qualitatifs. L'entièreté de ces répondants se considère à minima comme témoins de discours de haine en ligne (n=23) et également comme victimes (n=13), auteur (n=1) ou encore auteurs/victimes (n=2). L’analyse thématique a permis de mettre en évidence deux catégories principales et exclusives basées sur les définitions formulées et les expériences vécues : « les contenus à caractère haineux » et « les contenus à caractère agressif » ainsi que des spécificités basées sur les caractéristiques individuelles. Ces résultats sont discutés selon la perspective du discours de haine en ligne basé sur un continuum, débutant par les micro-agressions. Des implications sont proposées, que ce soit au niveau conceptuel, juridique ou encore concernant la modération au sein du numérique.
Mots-clés :
- Discours de haine en ligne,
- Adolescents,
- Jeunes adultes,
- Caractéristiques individuelles,
- Micro-agressions
Abstract
Given young people's high exposure to online violence, this study aims to deepen the understanding of online hate speech by examining individual definitions and experiences while taking personal characteristics into account. Twenty-four Belgians aged 15 to 25, who have encountered at least one instance of online hate speech and who vary in terms of gender, sexual orientation, cultural background, and self-reported status, were interviewed using qualitative methods. All respondents identified themselves at a minimum as witnesses of online hate speech (n=23) and additionally as victims (n=13), perpetrator (n=1), or both perpetrators and victims (n=2). Thematic analysis revealed two main and mutually exclusive categories based on the definitions provided and experiences reported: ‘hate-related content’ and ‘aggressive content,’ along with specificities linked to individual characteristics. These findings are discussed within the framework of a continuum of online hate speech, beginning with micro-aggressions. Conceptual, legal, and digital moderation implications are also proposed.
Keywords:
- Online hate speech,
- adolescents,
- young adults,
- individual characteristics,
- microaggressions
Parties annexes
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