ror.org/01r9z8p25
Résumés
Abstract
The concept of vulnerability is central to current developments in bioethics, not only because of its analytic nature, but also due to its capacity for criticism. However, this concept has not been sufficiently developed, neither in the area of moral philosophy nor in bioethics. For this reason, it is necessary to define and analyze the conceptual framework in which the notion of vulnerability has been developed within the scope of bioethics. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to indicate how the concept of vulnerability in the field of bioethics has been developed and what the main problems that derive from this approach are. Secondly, the paper analyzes some of the main philosophical approaches that I consider should be articulated in the expansion of a critical bioethics approach focused on the notion of vulnerability. To address this issue, I analyze the reflections that we find in the work of Martha Fineman, emphasizing the main relevant aspects for bioethics. Finally, I highlight the main implications of a theory of vulnerability for bioethics.
Résumé
Le concept de vulnérabilité est au coeur des développements actuels de la bioéthique, non seulement en raison de sa nature analytique, mais aussi en raison de son potentiel critique. Cependant, ce concept n’a pas été suffisamment développé, que ce soit dans le domaine de la philosophie morale ou de la bioéthique. Pour cette raison, il est nécessaire de définir et d’analyser le cadre conceptuel dans lequel la notion de vulnérabilité a été développée en bioéthique. Ainsi, le but de cet article est d’indiquer comment le concept de vulnérabilité a été développé dans le domaine de la bioéthique et quels sont les principaux problèmes découlant de cette approche. Deuxièmement, l’article analyse certaines des principales approches philosophiques qui devraient selon moi être articulées à une approche bioéthique critique centrée sur la notion de vulnérabilité. Pour traiter ce problème, j’analyse la réflexion de Martha Fineman, en soulignant les principaux aspects pertinents pour la bioéthique. Enfin, je souligne les principales implications d’une théorie de la vulnérabilité pour la bioéthique.
Parties annexes
Bibliography
- Carel, Havi, “A Reply to ‘Towards an Understanding of Nursing as a Response to Human Vulnerability’ by Derek Sellman: Vulnerability and Illness”, Nursing Philosophy, vol. 10, no. 3, 2009, pp. 214-219.
- Carlson, Robert V., Boyd, Kenneth M. and Webb, David J., “The Revision of the Declaration of Helsinki: Past, present and future”, British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, vol. 57, no. 6, 2004, pp. 695-713.
- Casado Da Rocha, Antonio (ed.), Autonomía con otros. Ensayos sobre Bioética, Madrid, Plaza y Valdés, 2014.
- Ells, Carolyn, “Respect for People in Situations of Vulnerability: A New Principle for Health-Care Professionals and Health-Care Organizations”, International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012, pp. 180-185.
- Epstein, Ronald M. and Street, Richard L., “The Values and Value of Patient-Centered Care”, Annals of Family Medicine, vol. 9, no. 2, 2011, pp. 100-103.
- Evans, Donald, “Commentary on the UNESCO IBC Report on Respect for Vulnerability and Personal Integrity: (Article 8 of the Universal Declaration on Bioethics and Human Rights)”, International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012, pp. 170-173.
- Fineman, Martha A., The Autonomy Myth: A Theory of Dependency, New York, The New Press, 2004.
- Fineman, Martha A., “‘Elderly’ as Vulnerable: Rethinking the Nature of Individual and Societal Responsibility”, Elder Law Journal, vol. 20, no. 1, 2012.
- Fineman, Martha A., “The Vulnerable Subject and the Responsive State”, Emory Law Journal, vol. 60, 2010. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=1694740
- Fineman, Martha A., “The Vulnerable Subject: Anchoring Equality in the Human Condition”, Yale Journal of Law & Feminism, vol. 20, no. 1, 2008.
- Fineman, Martha A., “Equality and difference: the restrained state”, Alabama Law Review, vol. 66, no. 3, 2015, pp. 609–626.
- Fineman, Martha A., “Fineman on Vulnerability and Law”, New Legal Realism, November 30, 2015, available at: http://newlegalrealism.org/2015/11/30/fineman-on-vulnerability-and-law/
- Goodin, Robert, Protecting the Vulnerable: A Reanalysis of our Social Responsibilities, Chicago, The University of Chicago Press, 1985.
- Guerra, María J., “Vivir con los otros y/o vivir para los otros. Autonomía, vínculos y ética feminist”, Dilemata, vol. 1, no. 1, 2009, pp. 71-83.
- Hoffmaster, Barry, “What Does Vulnerability Mean?”, Hastings Center Report, vol. 36, no. 2, 2006, pp. 38-45.
- Kottow, Miguel, “The Vulnerable and the Susceptible”, Bioethics, vol. 17, no. 5-6, 2003, pp. 260-271.
- Levine, Carol, Faden, Ruth, Grady, Christie, Hammerschmidt, Dale, Eckenwiler, Lisa and Sugarman, Jeremy, “The Limitations of ‘Vulnerability’ as a Protection for Human Research Participants”, The American Journal of Bioethics, vol. 4, no. 3, 2004, pp. 44-49.
- Luna, Florencia, Bioethics and Vulnerability: A Latin American View, Amsterdam, New York, Rodopi, 2006.
- Luna, Florencia, “Elucidating the Concept of Vulnerability: Layers Not Labels”, International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, vol. 2, no. 1, 2009, pp. 120-138.
- Luna, Florencia, “Vulnerabilidad: la metáfora de las capas”, Jurisprudencia Argentina, IV, 1, 2008, pp. 60-67.
- Luna, Florencia and Vanderpoel, Sheryl, “Not the Usual Suspects: Addressing Layers of Vulnerability”, Bioethics, vol. 27, no. 6, 2013, pp. 325-332.
- MacIntyre, Alasdair, Dependent Rational Animals. Why Human Beings Need the Virtues, Chicago, Open Court, 2006.
- Mackenzie, Catriona, “The Importance of Relational Autonomy and Capabilities for an Ethics of Vulnerability”, in Mackenzie, Catriona, Rogers, Wendy and Dodds, Susan (eds.), Vulnerability: New Essays in Ethics and Feminist Philosophy (Studies in Feminist Philosophy), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 33-59.
- Mackenzie, Catriona and Stoljar, Natalie (eds.), Relational Autonomy: Feminist Perspectives on Autonomy, Agency, and the Social Self, New York, Oxford University Press, 2000.
- Malterud, Kirsti and Hollnagel, Hanne, “The Doctor Who Cried: A Qualitative Study about the Doctor’s Vulnerability”, Annals of Family Medicine, vol. 3, no. 4, 2005, pp. 348-352.
- Malterud, Kirsti and Solvang, Per, “Vulnerability as a Strength: Why, When, and How?”, Scandinavian Journal of Public Health, vol. 33 (suppl. 66), 2005, pp. 3-6.
- Malterud, Kirsti, Fredriksen, Lise and Haukaas Gjerde, Mette, “When Doctors Experience Their Vulnerability as Beneficial for the Patients: A Focus-Group Study from General Practice”, Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, vol. 27, 2009, pp. 85-90.
- The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research, The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research, Washington, D.C., U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979.
- Nedelsky, Jennifer, Law’s Relations: A Relational Theory of Self, Autonomy and Law, Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011.
- Nedelsky, Jennifer, “Reconceiving Rights as Relationships”, Review of Constitutional Studies, vol. 1, no. 1, 1993, pp. 1-26.
- Rogers, Wendy, Mackenzie, Catriona and Dodds, Susan, “Why Bioethics Needs a Concept of Vulnerability”, International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, vol. 5, no. 2, 2012, pp. 11-38.
- Rogers, Wendy, “Vulnerability and Bioethics”, in Mackenzie, Catriona, Rogers, Wendy & Dodds, Susan (eds.), Vulnerability: New Essays in Ethics and Feminist Philosophy (Studies in Feminist Philosophy), Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2014, pp. 60-87.
- Straehle, Christine (ed.), Vulnerability, Autonomy and Applied Ethics, London, Routledge, 2016.
- Ten Have, Henk, Vulnerability: Challenging Bioethics, London, Routledge, 2016.
- Wisner, Benjamin, “Vulnerability as Concept, Model, Metric, and Tool”, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Natural Hazard Science, 2016.
- World Medical Association (WMA), Declaration of Helsinki Ethical Principles for Medical Research Involving Human Subjects, 52nd WMA General Assembly, Edinburgh, Scotland, October 2000, Article 8, http://www.who.int/bulletin/archives/79(4)373.pdf
- Zagorac, Ivana, “What vulnerability? Whose vulnerability? Conflict of understandings in the debate on vulnerability”, Facta Universitatis Series: Law and Politics, vol. 15, no. 2, 2017, pp. 157-169.