ror.org/0420zvk78
Résumés
Résumé
La popularité croissante du fitness dans les zones urbaines du Mozambique, une activité que beaucoup pratiquent à l’extérieur, met en relief certains des défis auxquels les femmes sont confrontées au quotidien, particulièrement en ce qui a trait aux efforts concurrents pour contrôler leurs mouvements et leur visibilité dans l’espace public. Dans cet article, je me penche sur la circulation, sur les médias sociaux, d’une série de photos illustrant les activités d’un groupe d’entraînement communautaire, soulignant les répercussions inattendues et transformatrices de cet événement sur les membres du groupe. Situant l’épisode au sein des dynamiques locales de genre et de manière plus large, en relation aux politiques de visibilité et d’invisibilité, je réfléchis sur le rôle des images dans la formation d’un public afin de qualifier le potentiel du sport comme moteur de changement social. L’article est basé sur des recherches ethnographiques menées dans la ville d’Inhambane, dans le sud du Mozambique, sur une période de cinq ans.
Mots-clés :
- Archambault,
- fitness,
- espace public,
- public,
- relations de genre,
- santé et bien-être,
- Mozambique
Abstract
The growing popularity of fitness across urban Mozambique, an activity that many carry out outdoors, highlights some of the challenges women face in their everyday lives, particularly regarding competing efforts to control their movements and visibility in public spaces. In this paper, I focus on the circulation of a series of images, on social media, depicting the activities of a community fitness organization, highlighting the unexpected and transformative repercussions this had on how the women see themselves and are seen by the rest of the community. Locating the event within local politics of visibility and invisibility, I reflect on how images participate in the construction of a public to qualify understandings of the transformative potential of sport. The paper is based on ethnographic research that I have carried out with the organization in the Mozambican city of Inhambane over a five-year period.
Keywords:
- Archambault,
- fitness,
- public space,
- public,
- gender relations,
- health and wellbeing,
- Mozambique
Resumen
La creciente popularidad del fitness en las zonas urbanas de Mozambique, actividad que muchos practican al exterior, pone de relieve ciertos desafíos a los cuales se confrontan cotidianamente las mujeres, particularmente en lo referente a los esfuerzos concurrentes en el control de sus movimientos y su visibilidad en el espacio público. En este artículo, enfoco la circulación, en los medios sociales, de una serie de fotos que ilustran las actividades de un grupo de entrenamiento comunitario, subrayando las repercusiones inesperadas y transformadoras de este evento sobre los miembros de dicho grupo. Situando este episodio en el seno de las dinámicas locales del género y más ampliamente, en relación con las políticas de visibilidad e invisibilidad; reflexiono sobre el rol de las imágenes en la formación de un público con el fin de calificar el potencial del deporte como motor del cambio social. El artículo está basado en investigaciones etnográficas realizadas en la ciudad de Inhambane, en el sur de Mozambique, durante un periodo de cinco años.
Palabras clave:
- Archambault,
- fitness,
- espacio público,
- público,
- relaciones de género,
- salud y bienestar,
- Mozambique
Parties annexes
Références
- Alpers E. A., 2009, East Africa and the Indian Ocean. Princeton, Markus Wiener Publishers.
- Andreasson J. et T. Johansson, 2014, « The Fitness Revolution. Historical Transformations in the Global Gym and Fitness Culture », Sport Science Review, XXIII, 3-4 : 91-112.
- Archambault J. S., 2017, Mobile Secrets. Youth, Intimacy, and the Politics of Pretense in Mozambique. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Archambault J. S., 2021, « In Pursuit of Fitness: Bodywork, Temporality, and Self-Improvement in Mozambique », Journal of Southern African Studies, 47, 4 : 521-539.
- Banks M. et R. Vokes, 2010, « Introduction: Anthropology, Photography, and the Archive », History and Anthropology, 21, 4 : 337-349.
- Behrend H., 2000, « “Feeling Global”: The Likoni Ferry Photographers of Mombasa, Kenya », African Arts, 33, 3 : 70.
- Behrend H., 2003, « Photo Magic: Photographs in Practices of Healing and Harming in East Africa », Journal of Religion in Africa, 33, 2 : 129-145.
- Bernal V., K. Pypy et D. Rodima-Taylor, 2023, Cryptopolitics: Exposure, Concealment, and Digital Media. New York, Berghahn Books.
- Besnier N., S. Brownell et T. Carter, 2018, The Anthropology of Sport. Bodies, Borders, Biopolitics. Oakland, University of California Press.
- Bordo S., 2004, Unbearable Weight: Feminism, Western Culture, and the Body. Berkeley, University of California Press.
- Borenstein H., 2020, « Labouring Athletes, Labouring Mothers: Ethiopian Women Athletes’s Bodies at Work » : 65-82, in N. Besnier, D. G. Calabrò et D. Guinness, Sport, Migration, and Gender in the Neoliberal Age. Londres et New York, Routledge.
- Braun L. N., 2023, Congo’s Dancers: Women and Work in Kinshasa. Wisconsin, University of Wisconsin Press.
- Brewis A. A., A. Wutich, A. Falletta-Cowden et I. Rodriguez-Soto, 2011, « Body Norms and Fat Stigma in Global Perspective », Current Anthropology, 52, 2 : 269-276.
- Coalter F., 2009, « Sport-in-Development: Accountability or Development? » : 55-75, in R. Levermore et A. Beacon, Sport and International Development. London, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Coalter F., 2013, Sport for Development: What Game Are We Playing? Abingdon, Routledge.
- Cohen A. J., 2021, Infinite Repertoire. On Dance and Urban Possibility in Postsocialist Guinea. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Crawley M., 2021, « Tracking Selves or Tracking Relationships? Means of Measuring Time amongst Ethiopian Runners », Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 27, 3 : 653-671.
- Crawley M., 2022, « ’We Are Burning Ourselves Up’: Ethiopian Runners and Energetic Subjectivities », Ethnos, 1-21.
- Crush J., B. Frayne et M. McLachlan, 2014, « Urbanization, Nutrition, and Development in Southern African Cities », Food Security, 6 : 101-112.
- Davidson J., 2010, « Cultivating Knowledge: Development, Dissemblance, and Discursive Contradictions among the Diola of Guinea-Bissau », American Ethnologist, 37, 2 : 212-226.
- Domingos N., 2017, Football and Colonialism: Body and Popular Culture in Urban Mozambique. Athens, Ohio University Press.
- Dyck N. et E. Archetti (dir.), 2003, Sport, Dance and Embodied Identities. Oxford, Berg.
- Edwards E., 2015, « Anthropology and Photography: A Long History of Knowledge and Affect », Photographies, 8, 3 : 235-252.
- Fair L., 1997, « Kickin’it: Leisure, Politics, and Football in Colonial Zanzibar, 1900s-1950s », Africa, 67, 2 : 224-251.
- Fokwang J., 2009, « Southern Perspective on Sport-in-Development: A Case Study of Football in Bamenda, Cameroon » : 198-218, in R. Levermore et A. Beacon, Sport and International Development. London, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Goffman E., 1959, The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. London, Penguin Books.
- Gregor T., 1977, Mehinaku. The Drama of Daily Life in a Brazilian Indian Village. Chicago, University of Chicago Press.
- Groes-Green C., 2014, « Journeys of Patronage: Moral Economies of Female Migration from Mozambique to Europe », Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 20, 2 : 237-255.
- Havstad L., 2022, « Indígena or Não‐Indígena? The Gendered Politics of Assimilation in Colonial Mozambique, 1917-1961 », Gender & History, 34, 2 : 420-436.
- Hillewaert S., 2018, « Wellness Through Yoga and Islamic Mindfulness: A Critical Reflection Upon New Development Discourses in Lamu (Kenya) », « American Anthropological Association Annual Meeting », San José, Californie.
- Honwana A., 2012, The Time of Youth: Work, Social Change, and Politics in Africa. West Hartford, Kumarian Press.
- Hopkinson L., 2022, « Only One Mayweather: A Critique of Hope from the Hopeful », Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 28, 3 : 725-745.
- Jacob W. C., 2011, Working Out Egypt: Effendi Masculinity and Subject Formation in Colonial Modernity, 1870-1940. Durham, Duke University Press.
- Kalofonos I., 2021, All I Eat Is Medicine: Going Hungry in Mozambique’s AIDS Economy. Oakland, University of California Press.
- Kelly J., 2016, Sweat Equity. Inside the New Economy of Mind and Body. Hoboken, Wiley.
- Kovač U., 2022, The Precarity of Masculinity. Football, Pentecostalism, and Transnational Aspirations in Cameroon. New York, Berghahn Books.
- Langwick S., 2018, « Cultivating Vitality. Tanzanians Are Redefining Health and the Forms of Governance that Might Be Promoted in its Name », Anthropology News, 59, 1 : 18-22.
- Leseth A. B., 2014, « Experiences of Moving: A History of Women and Sport in Tanzania », Sport in Society, 17, 4 : 479-491.
- Maguire J. S., 2007, Fit for Consumption: Sociology and the Business of Fitness. London, Routledge.
- Majczak E., 2023, « Digital Fashionistas: Young Women, Wealth-in-Followers and Matronage in Yaoundé, Cameroon », Africa, 93, 3 : 393-413.
- Mano W. et M. N. Ndlela, 2020, « Introduction » : 1-7, in W. Mano et M. N. Ndlela (dir.), Social Media and Elections in Africa, Volume 2. Challenges and Opportunities. London, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Martin P. M., 1995, Leisure and Society in Colonial Brazzaville. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Moran-Thomas A., 2019, Traveling with Sugar. Chronicles of a Global Epidemic. Oakland, California University Press.
- Myers G. W., 1994, « Competitive Rights, Competitive Claims: Land Access in Post‐War Mozambique », Journal of Southern African Studies, 20, 4 : 603-632.
- Neveu Kringelbach H., 2013, Dance Circles: Movement, Morality and Self-Fashioning in Urban Senegal. New York, Berghahn Books.
- Newitt M., 1995, A History of Mozambique. London, Hurst & Company.
- Ono S., 2016, « Ballet in Japan: Reconsidering the Westernisation of Japanese Ballet », Journal of Glocal Studies, 3 : 1-24.
- Ranger T., 1987, « Pugilism and Pathology: African Boxing and the Black Urban Experience in Southern Rhodesia » : 196-213, in W. Baker et J. Mangan, Sport in Africa. New York, Holmes and Meier.
- Reed A., 1999, « Anticipating Individuals: Modes of Vision and their Social Consequence in a Papua New Guinea Prison », Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 5, 1 : 46-56.
- Sarró R., 2009, The Politics of Religious Change on the Upper Guinea Coast. Iconoclasm Done and Undone. Edinburg, Edinburg University Press.
- Sassatelli R., 2014, Fitness Culture. Gyms and the Commercialisation of Discipline and Fun. New York, Palgrave Macmillan.
- Sehlikoglu S., 2021, Working Out Desire: Women, Sport, and Self-Making in Istanbul. Syracuse, Syracuse University Press.
- Sheldon K., 1998, « ‘I Studied with the Nuns, Learning to Make Blouses’: Gender Ideology and Colonial Education in Mozambique », International Journal of African Historical Studies, 31, 3 : 595-625.
- Solomon H., 2016, Metabolic Living. Food, Fat, and the Absorption of Illness in India. Durham, Duke University Press.
- Spielvogel L., 2003, Working Out in Japan: Shaping the Female Body in Tokyo Fitness Clubs. Durham, Duke University Press.
- SturtzSreetharan C., A. Brewis, J. Hardin, S. Trainer et A. Wutich, 2021, Fat in Four Cultures: A Global Ethnography of Weight. Toronto, University of Toronto Press.
- Sumich J. et M. Nielsen, 2020, « The Political Aesthetics of Middle Class Housing in (not so) Neoliberal Mozambique », Antipode, 52, 4 : 1216-1234.
- Vaughan M. et K. Adjaye-Gbewonyo, 2021, « Introduction » : 1-35, in M. Vaughan, K. Adjaye-Gbewonyo et M. Mika (dir.), Epidemiological Change and Chronic Disease in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social and Historical Perspectives. London, UCL Press.
- Vokes R., 2012, Photography in Africa: Ethnographic Perspectives. Martlesham, Boydell & Brewer Ltd.
- Wacquant L., 2004, Body and Soul: Ethnographic Notebooks of an Apprentice-Boxer. New York, Oxford University Press.
- Warner M., 2002, Publics and Counterpublics. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
- Widdows H., 2018, Perfect me. Princeton, Princeton University Press.
- Wulff H., 2008, « Ethereal Expression: Paradoxes of Ballet as a Global Physical Culture », Ethnography, 9, 4 : 518-535.