Résumés
Résumé
À travers une analyse de l’utilisation de la notion de « marché », l’article se propose de documenter la manière dont les anthropologues ont construit les notions de socialisme et de postsocialisme. Il montre que les études analysées ont recours à une vision du marché qui reste largement essentialiste, anhistorique, et insensible aux rapports de pouvoir qui participent à la construction sociale de cette forme d’échange. L’article avance que c’est seulement en prenant en compte les agents et les rapports de pouvoir courants que l’on peut sortir de la question de l’ordre qui semble hanter ces analyses, et ainsi entamer une véritable étude du changement qui traverse la période postsocialiste.
Mots-clés:
- Stan,
- marché,
- plan,
- socialisme,
- postsocialisme
Abstract
Based on the analysis of the manner in which the notion of « the market » is being used, the article aims to document the way in which anthropologists have constructed the notions of socialism and post-socialism. It shows that the analysed studies have recourse to a vision of the market which remains largely essentialist, a-historical and insensible to the power relations which take part in the social construction of this form of exchange. The article argues that it is only by taking into account the current agents and power relations that we can go beyond the question of the social order which seems to haunt these analyses, and thus begin to develop a true study of the change taking place in the post-socialist period.
Keywords:
- Stan,
- market,
- plan,
- socialism,
- post-socialism
Resumen
Mediante el análisis del empleo de la noción de «mercado», el artículo se propone documentar la manera en la cual los antropólogos han construido las nociones de socialismo y de post-socialismo. Se muestra que los estudios analizados recurren a una visión del mercado mayoritariamente esencialista, ahistórica e insensible a las relaciones de poder que intervienen en la construcción social de ésta forma de intercambio. El artículo propone que solamente cuando se toman en cuenta los agentes y las relaciones de poder cotidianas, se puede rebasar la cuestión del orden que parece obseder dichos análisis y así comenzar un verdadero estudio del cambio por el que atraviesa el periodo post-socialista.
Palabras clave:
- Stan,
- mercado,
- plan,
- socialismo,
- post-socialismo
Parties annexes
Références
- Appadurai A., 1986, « Introduction : Commodities and the Politics of Value » : 3-63, in A. Appadurai (dir.), The Social Life of Things. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Atkinson J., 1984, Flexibility, Uncertainty and Manpower Management, IMS Report No.89. Brighton, Institute of Manpower Studies.
- Beck S., 1979, Transylvania : The Political Economy of A Frontier. Thèse de doctorat. Department of Anthropology, University of Massachusetts.
- Berdahl D., 1999, Where the World Ended : Re-Unification and Identity in the German Borderland. Berkeley, University of California Press.
- Bourdieu P., 2000, Les structures sociales de l’économie. Paris, Éditions du Seuil.
- Burawoy M., 1992, « The End of Sovietology and the Renaissance of Modernization Theory », Contemporary Sociology, 21, 6, novembre : 774-785.
- —, 2001, « Neoclassical Sociology : From the End of Communism to the End of Classes ». American Journal of Sociology, 106, 4 : 1099-1120.
- Burawoy M. et J. Lucacs, 1992, The Radiant Past. Ideology and Reality in Hungary’s Road to Capitalism. Chicago, Chicago University Press.
- Burawoy M. et K. Verdery, 1999, « Introduction » : 1-17, in M. Burawoy et K. Verdery (dir.), Uncertain Transition. Ethnographies of Change in the Postsocialist World. Lanham, Rowman et Littlefield.
- Carrier J. G., 1997, « Introduction » : 1-67, in J. G. Carrier (dir.), Meanings of the Market. The Free Market in Western Culture. Oxford, Berg.
- Chavagneux C., 2006, « Les paradis fiscaux au coeur de la mondialisation », Alternatives économiques, 252, novembre : 56-68.
- Chavance B., 1994, La fin des systèmes socialistes. Crise, réforme et transformation. Paris, L’Harmattan.
- Clarke J., 2001, « The Production of Transparency : Audit, Inspection and Evaluation in the Governance of Public Services », communication présentée à l’European Group of Public Administration Conference : Governing Networks, Vaasa, Finlande, 5-8 Septembre.
- Creed G., 1995, « Agriculture and the Domestication of Industry in Rural Bulgaria », American Ethnologist, 22, 3 : 528-548.
- Dilley R., 1992, « Contesting Markets. A General Introduction to Market Ideology, Imagery and Discourse » : 1-34, in R. Dilley (dir.), Contesting Markets : Analyses of Ideology, Discourse, and Practice. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
- Drazin A., 2002, « Of Moths and Men : Cleanliness, Intimacy and Progress in Romania » : s.p., in R. Mandel et C. Humphrey (dir.), Market and Moralities. Ethnographies of Postsocialism. Oxford, Berg.
- DuGay P., 1994, « Making up Managers : Bureaucracy, Enterprise and the Liberal Art of Separation », The British Journal of Sociology, 45, 4 : 655-674.
- Dunn E., 2004, Privatizing Poland. Baby Food, Big Business, and the Remaking of Labor. Cornell, Cornell University Press.
- Farmer P., 1992, Aids and Accusation : Haiti and the Geography of Blame. Berkeley, University of California Press.
- Fligstein N., 1996, « Markets as Politics : A Political-Cultural Approach to Market Institutions », American Sociological Review, 61, 4 : 656-673.
- Frank T., 2000, One Market under God. Extreme Capitalism, Market Populism and The End of Economic Democracy. New York, Anchor Books.
- Geschiere P. et P. Konings, 1992, « Introduction » : 9-19, in P. Geschiere et P. Konings (dir.), Itinéraires d’accumulation au Cameroun. Paris, Karthala.
- Granovetter M., 1985, « Economic Action and Social Structure. The Problem of Embeddedness », American Journal of Sociology, 91, 3 : 481-510.
- Hann C., 1980, Tazlar : A Village in Hungary. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Hann C. M., 1992, « Market Principle, Market-place and the Transition in Eastern Europe » : 244-259, in R. Dilley (dir.), Contesting Markets : Analyses of Ideology, Discourse, and Practice. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
- Harvey D., 2005, A Brief History of Neoliberalism. Oxford, Oxford University Press.
- Hsu C., 2001, « Political Narratives and the Production of Legitimacy : The Case of Corruption in PostMao China », Qualitative Sociology, 24, 1 : 25-54.
- Humphrey C., 1983, Karl Marx Collective. Economy, Society and Religion in a Siberian Collective Farm. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press.
- Humphrey C. et R. Mandel, 2002, « The Market in Everyday Life : Ethnographies of Postsocialism » : 1-16, in R. Mandel et C. Humphrey (dir.), Market and Moralities. Ethnographies of Postsocialism. Oxford, Berg.
- Kalb D., 2002, « Afterword. Globalism and Postsocialist Prospects » : 317-334, in C. Hann (dir.), Post Socialism : Ideals, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Londres, Routledge.
- Kideckel D., 1976, « The Social Organization of Production on A Romanian Cooperative Farm », Dialectical Anthropology, 1, 1 : 267-275.
- —, 1993, The Solitude of Collectivism. Romanian Villagers to the Revolution and Beyond. Ithaca, Cornell University Press.
- —, 2002, « The Unmaking of an East-Central European Working Class » : 114-132, in M. Burawoy et K. Verdery (dir.), Uncertain Transition. Ethnographies of Change in the Postsocialist World. Lanham, Rowman et Littlefield.
- Lie J., 1997, « Sociology of Markets », Annual Review of Sociology, 23 : 341-60.
- Mercure D., 1997, « Les formes de la flexibilité », Sciences humaines, 78, décembre : 33-35.
- Miller D., 1997, Capitalism : An Ethnographic Approach. Oxford, Berg.
- O’Hearn D., 2001, The Atlantic Economy. Britain, the US and Ireland. Manchester, Manchester University Press.
- Pine F., 2002, « Retreat to the Household? Gendered Domains in Postsocialist Poland » : 95-113, in Chris Hann (dir.), Post Socialism : Ideals, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Londres, Routledge.
- Polanyi K., 2001 [1944], The Great Transformation. The Political and Economic Origins of Our Time. Boston, Beacon Press.
- Riles A., 2000, The Network Inside Out. Ann Arbor, The University of Michigan Press.
- Sahlins M., 1999, « Two or Three Things I Know about Culture », The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 5, 3 : 399-421.
- Sampson S., 1984, National Integration Through Socialist Planning. An Anthropological Study of A Romanian New Town. New York, Columbia University Press.
- —, 1986, « The Informal Sector in Eastern Europe », Telos, 66, hiver : 44-66.
- Sanders T. et H. West, 2003, « Power Revealed and Concealed in the New World Order » : 1-37, in H. West and T. Sanders (dir.), Transparency and Conspiracy : Ethnographies of Suspicion in the New World Order. Durham, Duke University Press.
- Serré M. et F. Pierru, 2001, « Les organisations internationales et la production d’un sens commun réformateur de la politique de protection maladie », Lien social et politiques, 45 : 105-130.
- Shore C. et D. Haller, 2005, « Introduction – Sharp Practice : Anthropology and the Study of Corruption » : 1-26, in C. Shore et D. Haller (dir.), Corruption. Anthropological Perspectives. Londres, Pluto Press.
- Sik E., 1992, « From the Second to the Informal Economy », Journal of Public Policy, 12, 2 : 153-175.
- Slater D. et F. Tonkiss, 2001, Market Society : Markets and Modern Social Thought. Cambridge, Polity Press.
- Smart A., 1997, « Oriental Despotism and Sugarcoated Bullets : Representations of the Market in China » : 159-194, in J. G. Carrier (dir.), Meanings of the Market. The Free Market in Western Culture. Oxford, Berg.
- Stan S., 2005a, « De la nostalgie à l’abjection : la mémoire du socialisme à l’épreuve de la transformation postsocialiste », Ethnologies, 27, 2 : 79-105.
- —, 2005b, L’agriculture roumaine en mutation. La construction sociale du marché. Paris, CNRS Éditions.
- Staniszkis J., 1991, « Political Capitalism in Poland », East European Politics and Societies, 5, 1, hiver : 127-141.
- Stewart M., 1997, In the Time of the Gypsies. Boulder, Westview Press.
- Strathern M., 1996, « Cutting the Network », The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 2, 3 : 517-535.
- Swedberg R. et M. Granovetter, 1992, « Introduction » : 1-26, in M. Granovetter et R. Swedberg (dir.), The Sociology of Economic Life. Boulder, Westview Press.
- Verdery K., 1991, « Theorizing Socialism : A Prologue to the “Transition” », American Ethnologist, 18, 3, août : 419-439.
- —, 1996, What Was Socialism and What Comes Next? Princeton, Princeton University Press.
- —, 2002, « Whither Postsocialism? » : 15-21, in C. M. Hann (dir.), Postsocialism. Ideals, Ideologies and Practices in Eurasia. Londres, Routlegde.
- Tomass M., 1998, « Mafianomics : How Did Mob Entrepreneurs Infiltrate and Dominate the Russian Economy? », Journal of Economic Issues, XXXII, 2, juin : 565-574.
- Yang M., 2000, « Putting Global Capitalism in Its Place. Economic Hybridity, Bataille, and Ritual Expenditure », Current Anthropology, 41, 4 : 477-495.
10.7202/014042ar