Résumés
Abstract
Geological Carbon Storage (GCS) is an essential climate mitigation strategy, enabling the long-term storage of carbon dioxide (CO₂) in deep subsurface formations. Offshore Atlantic Canada offers significant potential due to favourable geology, extensive subsurface data, and infrastructure from past hydrocarbon development. Major sedimentary basins such as the Scotian, Jeanne d’Arc, and Orphan contain structural traps, thick saline aquifers, and effective caprock seals that are critical for secure CO2 storage. Successful GCS depends on robust geological modelling workflows that incorporate subsurface heterogeneity, trapping mechanisms, and containment integrity. This paper reviews the foundational components of geological models - structural, stratigraphic, geometric, and topological frameworks – combined with numerical simulators to predict plume migration, pressure evolution, and geochemical interactions. Modelling supports all project stages, from site screening to post-injection monitoring, and is guided by parameters such as capacity, injectivity, containment, and storage efficiency. International offshore analogs such as Sleipner, Snøhvit, Northern Lights, Tomakomai, and Porthos provide valuable lessons in infrastructure reuse, regulatory development, and public engagement. These projects highlight the importance of tailored monitoring and verification plans, hub-based infrastructure models, and early-stage demonstration projects to build public trust. Offshore Atlantic Canada faces unique challenges including complex structural geology, overpressure zones, and salt tectonics, necessitating detailed technical evaluation. Recommended actions include high-resolution geologic modelling, probabilistic capacity assessments, and the creation of a regional carbon storage atlas. As regulatory frameworks evolve and carbon management becomes increasingly urgent, offshore Atlantic Canada is well-positioned to become a leader in safe, large-scale geological CO₂ storage.
Résumé
Le stockage géologique du carbone est une stratégie essentielle permettant d’atténuer les effets des changements climatiques : il permet le stockage à long terme du dioxyde de carbone (CO₂) dans des formations souterraines profondes. À cette fin, la zone au large du Canada atlantique dispose d’atouts importants, grâce notamment à une géologie favorable, à un grand nombre de données collectées sur le sous-sol et à une infrastructure héritée de projets de développement d’hydrocarbures passés. Les principaux bassins sédimentaires, notamment les bassins néo-écossais, Jeanne d’Arc et Orphan, abritent des pièges structuraux, des aquifères salins profonds et des couches de recouvrement efficaces, des éléments essentiels pour stocker de façon sécuritaire le CO2. L’efficacité du stockage géologique du carbone dépend de la performance des flux de travail de modélisation géologique, qui intègrent l’hétérogénéité des formations géologiques souterraines, les mécanismes de piégeage et l’intégrité du confinement. Cet article passe en revue les composants fondamentaux des modèles géologiques (cadres structurels, stratigraphiques, géométriques et topologiques) combinés à des simulateurs numériques afin de prédire la migration des panaches, les changements de pression et les interactions géochimiques. La modélisation est utilisée pour soutenir toutes les étapes du projet, du choix du site à la surveillance post-injection; en outre, la modélisation est structurée par des facteurs quantifiables tels que la capacité, l’injectivité, le confinement et l’efficacité du stockage. Des projets extracôtiers semblables, tels que Sleipner, Snøhvit, Northern Lights, Tomakomai et Porthos, fournissent des enseignements précieux en matière de réutilisation des infrastructures, d’élaboration de la réglementation et de mobilisation du public. Ces projets soulignent l’importance d’établir des plans de surveillance et de vérification adaptés, des modèles d’infrastructure basés sur des centres de stockage et des projets de démonstration à un stade précoce pour gagner la confiance du public. La zone extracôtière du Canada atlantique présente des défis uniques, notamment une géologie structurale complexe, des zones de surpression et une tectonique salifère, nécessitant une évaluation technique approfondie. Les mesures recommandées comprennent la modélisation géologique à haute résolution, les évaluations probabilistes de la capacité et la création d’un atlas régional du stockage du carbone. En raison de l’évolution des cadres réglementaires et de la nécessité accrue de gérer le carbone, la région au large du Canada atlantique est un lieu stratégique pour maîtriser le stockage géologique sécuritaire et à grande échelle du CO2.
Parties annexes
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