Abstracts
Résumé
Objectifs À ce jour, peu d’études documentent les perceptions des changements climatiques chez les jeunes ayant été exposés à un événement météorologique extrême (EME). Dans cette perspective, le présent article vise à mieux comprendre, du point de vue des jeunes eux-mêmes, comment l’expérience d’un tel événement peut transformer le regard qu’ils posent sur les changements climatiques.
Méthode Menée en janvier 2023 dans la région de l’Outaouais (Québec), cette étude a permis de recueillir le point de vue de 28 jeunes Québécois âgés entre 13 et 16 ans, ayant vécu des inondations en milieu rural (2019) ou une tornade en milieu urbain (2018). Ces jeunes ont été recrutés dans 2 écoles secondaires situées dans des communautés touchées par des EME et devaient avoir subi des répercussions matérielles ou des perturbations importantes à la suite de ceux-ci pour participer à l’étude. Des entrevues semi-dirigées individuelles ont permis d’explorer leur parcours depuis les inondations ou la tornade, notamment en ce qui concerne leur perception des changements climatiques.
Résultats L’analyse des données recueillies a permis de dégager 4 profils de jeunes, selon leur niveau de préoccupation envers les changements climatiques et leur sentiment d’efficacité vis-à-vis ceux-ci et les EME susceptibles d’en découler : les « engagés », les « impuissants », les « confiants » et les « désengagés ». Pour plusieurs jeunes, ces événements ont constitué un tournant, suscitant des préoccupations liées aux changements climatiques. Chez les « engagés », ces préoccupations se traduisent en comportements proenvironnementaux, alors que les « impuissants », en revanche, perçoivent les EME comme inévitables et hors de leur contrôle. Bien qu’ils forment une minorité de l’échantillon, certains jeunes expriment peu ou pas d’inquiétudes liées aux changements climatiques. Ces derniers sont parfois « confiants », parce qu’ils ont vécu plusieurs inondations et se sentent mieux préparés afin de s’adapter à ce type d’événement dans l’avenir. Pour leur part, les « désengagés » montrent peu d’intérêt et font peu de lien entre l’EME vécu et les changements climatiques.
Conclusion Les résultats soulignent la diversité des réactions chez les jeunes à la suite d’un EME. Ce constat suggère l’importance de développer des soutiens adaptés aux différents profils des jeunes, comprenant la sensibilisation, l’éducation et l’accompagnement afin de développer des stratégies d’adaptation visant à transformer l’anxiété en moteur d’action positive face aux changements climatiques. Ces différentes formes de soutien sont favorables au développement d’un pouvoir d’agir individuel et collectif vis-à-vis les enjeux environnementaux actuels et futurs.
Mots-clés :
- changements climatiques,
- événements météorologiques extrêmes,
- inondations,
- tornade,
- jeunes
Abstract
Objectives Few studies document the perceptions of climate change among teenagers who have been exposed to extreme weather events (EWE). This article aims to better understand, from the perspective of teenagers themselves, how the experience of such an event can transform the way they view climate change.
Method Conducted in January 2023 in the Outaouais region (Quebec), this study gathered the views of 28 young Quebecers aged between 13 and 16 who had experienced flooding in a rural setting (2019) or a tornado in an urban setting (2018). Participants were recruited from 2 high schools located in disaster-affected communities and were expected to have experienced significant material impact or disruption as a result. Individual semi-structured interviews explored their journey since the event, particularly about their perceptions of climate change.
Results Analysis of the data collected revealed 4 profiles of teenagers, according to their level of concern about climate change and their sense of control over it and the EWE it could cause: (1) the “engaged,” the “powerless,” the “confident” and the “disengaged.” For many teenagers, the EWE was a turning point, sparking concerns about climate change. For the “engaged,” these concerns translate into pro-environmental behaviors, while the “powerless,” on the other hand, perceive EWE as inevitable and beyond their control. Although they make up a minority of the sample, some teenagers express little or no concern about climate change. They are sometimes “confident,” because they have experienced several floods and feel better prepared to adapt to this type of disaster in the future. For their part, the “disengaged” show little interest and make little connection between the events they experienced and climate change.
Conclusion The results highlight the diversity of teenagers’ reactions to EWE. This observation suggests the importance of developing support tailored to different youth profiles, including awareness raising, education, and guidance, to develop coping strategies aimed at transforming anxiety into a driver for positive action in the face of climate change. These different forms of support are conducive to the development of individual and collective empowerment regarding current and future environmental issues.
Keywords:
- climate change,
- extreme weather event,
- floods,
- tornado,
- youth
Appendices
Bibliographie
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