Abstracts
Résumé
Cet article présente les fondements du Modèle des parcours de vie, de l’engagement scolaire et de la résilience des jeunes issu·es de l'immigration (M-PERJII). Ce modèle s’appuie sur deux grands champs d’études, soit les théories et les travaux empiriques s’intéressant aux sources de stress et de soutien associées à l’engagement et au désengagement ainsi qu’à la persévérance scolaire ou au décrochage des jeunes en général, ainsi que ceux portant sur les processus de résilience liés à l’adaptation et à la persévérance scolaire des jeunes issu·es de l’immigration. Le M-PERJII cherche ainsi à expliquer pourquoi certain·es jeunes issu·es de l’immigration pourtant bien engagé·es à l’école rencontrent des difficultés d’adaptation et finissent par décrocher, tandis que d’autres présentant des signes précoces de désengagement font preuve d’une grande résilience et de persévérance scolaire. Le M-PERJII met ainsi de l’avant le rôle d’une panoplie de facteurs, d’abord des facteurs globaux, tels les contextes historiques, politiques, géographiques et socioculturels dans lesquels les jeunes évoluent. Il met également l’accent sur les trajectoires migratoires des jeunes, leurs prédispositions et risques à long terme ainsi que les facteurs précipitants et protecteurs plus proximaux qui rendent compte de l’hétérogénéité de leurs trajectoires d’engagement-résilience à travers le temps. Ultimement, le modèle postule que les interactions dynamiques et bidirectionnelles entre ces différents facteurs contribuent à soutenir l’adaptation et la persévérance scolaire des jeunes issu·es de l’immigration ou, au contraire, contribuent aux difficultés d’adaptation contribuant à leur décrochage scolaire.
Mots-clés :
- Modèle théorique,
- décrochage scolaire,
- persévérance scolaire,
- élèves issu·es de l’immigration
Abstract
This article presents the foundations of an integrated life-course Model of immigrant-background student engagement and resilience (MIS-ER) associated with school perseverance or dropout. This model draws on two major fields of study: theories and empirical research examining sources of stress and support associated with school engagement-disengagement, as well as school perseverance or dropout among youth in general; and research focusing on resilience processes related to adaptation and school perseverance among immigrant background students. The MIS-ER thus seeks to explain why some of these students who are nonetheless well engaged in school encounter adaptation difficulties and ultimately drop out, while others who display early signs of disengagement demonstrate strong resilience and school perseverance. The MIS-ER highlights the role of a wide range of factors, beginning with broader contextual factors such as the historical, political, geographical, and sociocultural contexts in which youth develop. It also emphasizes youths’ migration trajectories, their long-term predispositions and risks, as well as more proximal precipitating and protective factors that account for the heterogeneity of their engagement–resilience trajectories over time. Ultimately, the model posits that the dynamic and bidirectional interactions among these different factors contribute either to supporting the adaptation and school perseverance of immigrant background youths or, conversely, to adaptation difficulties associated with their school dropout.
Keywords:
- Theoretical model,
- school dropout,
- school perseverance,
- immigrant-background students
Appendices
Bibliographie
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