Abstracts
Résumé
L’environnement d’affaires est de plus en plus turbulent étant donné, notamment, la récurrence de crises qui impactent le fonctionnement, voire la survie des organisations. La gestion des risques (GR) serait une réponse adaptée à cette turbulence. Or, cela a été relativement peu étudié chez les PME, si bien que l’on connaît mal leurs comportements à cet égard. Une analyse typologique réalisée auprès de 500 PME manufacturières québécoises ayant vécu la pandémie montre que ces entreprises font de la GR et que les pratiques déployées répondent notamment à leur orientation de croissance. Aussi, suivant l’attitude et la perception du risque de leur propriétaire-dirigeant et selon les capacités organisationnelles et la culture du risque, certaines PME ont appris de la crise en modifiant des pratiques de GR alors que d’autres y sont restées indifférentes. Sur le plan théorique, cette étude montre que la GR est une activité qui s’exerce de façon différenciée chez les PME confirmant leur hétérogénéité. Elle est intégrée à la gestion globale sans être formalisée dans un processus et évolue selon l’apprentissage que les PME font des événements vécus. Sur le plan managérial, elle encourage le développement d’une culture du risque propice à assurer la continuité de leurs activités.
Mots-clés :
- Gestion des risques,
- Crise,
- Incertitude,
- Apprentissage,
- Capacité dynamique
Abstract
The business environment is becoming increasingly turbulent, particularly given the recurrence of crises that impact the functioning and even the survival of organizations. Risk management (RM) would be an appropriate response to this turbulence. However, this has been relatively little studied among SMEs, so that little is known about their behavior in this regard. A typological analysis of 500 Quebec manufacturing SMEs that have experienced the pandemic shows that these companies engage in RM and that the practices they deploy are particularly responsive to their growth orientation. Also, depending on the attitude and perception of risk of their owner-manager and according to their organizational capabilities and risk culture, some SMEs have learned from the crisis by modifying their RM practices, while others have remained indifferent. On a theoretical level, this study shows that RM is an activity that is carried out in different ways in SMEs, confirming their heterogeneity. It is integrated into overall management without being formalized in a process and evolves according to what SMEs learn from their experiences. From a managerial perspective, it encourages the development of a risk culture conducive to ensuring the continuity of their activities.
Keywords:
- Risk management,
- Crisis,
- Uncertainty,
- Learning,
- Dynamic capability
Appendices
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