Abstracts
Abstract
This study analyses how pre-service teachers use artificial intelligence (AI) tools in academic contexts and their perceptions and practices regarding ethical use. A quantitative, cross-sectional design was applied to 136 teacher education students from a Spanish university using convenience sampling. A custom questionnaire comprised three sections: general AI usage frequency, usage in specific academic tasks, and a Likert scale assessing ethical perceptions. Findings indicate that AI tools are mostly used for content comprehension, academic writing, and exam preparation, while their application in time management, presentations, and research remains limited. Ethically, students mostly engage in responsible practices, though issues such as blind reliance or uncited use still emerge. The discussion highlights a partial and functionally restricted integration of AI, constrained by insufficient digital competence and limited ethical training. No significant differences were found by age, academic major, or year of study. The study concludes that targeted training programs are urgently needed to promote ethical AI literacy among future teachers, ensuring a critical, autonomous, and pedagogically sound integration of these tools in higher education.
Keywords:
- artificial intelligence,
- digital competence,
- educational ethics,
- higher education,
- teacher education,
- technology perception
Résumé
Cette étude analyse la manière dont les enseignants en formation initiale à l’enseignement utilisent les outils d'intelligence artificielle (IA) dans des contextes académiques, ainsi que leurs perceptions et leurs pratiques en matière d'utilisation éthique. Une méthodologie quantitative transversale a été appliquée à 136 personnes étudiantes en formation à l’enseignement d’une université espagnole, à l'aide d'un échantillonnage par convenance. Un questionnaire personnalisé comprenait trois sections : fréquence d'utilisation générale de l'IA, utilisation dans des tâches académiques spécifiques et échelle de Likert évaluant les perceptions éthiques. Les résultats indiquent que les outils d'IA sont principalement utilisés pour la compréhension de contenu, la rédaction académique et la préparation aux examens, tandis que leur application dans la gestion du temps, les présentations et la recherche reste limitée. Sur le plan éthique, les personnes étudiantes adoptent principalement des pratiques responsables, même si des problèmes tels que la confiance aveugle ou l'utilisation sans citation persistent. La discussion met en évidence une intégration partielle et fonctionnellement limitée de l'IA, freinée par des compétences numériques insuffisantes et une formation éthique limitée. Aucune différence significative n'a été constatée en fonction de l'âge, de la matière universitaire ou de l'année d'études. L'étude conclut qu'il est urgent de mettre en place des programmes de formation ciblés afin de promouvoir la culture éthique de l'IA chez les futures personnes enseignantes, garantissant ainsi une intégration critique, autonome et pédagogiquement solide de ces outils dans l'enseignement supérieur.
Mots-clés :
- intelligence artificielle,
- compétence numérique,
- éthique éducative,
- enseignement supérieur,
- formation des personnes enseignantes,
- perception de la technologie
Appendices
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