Abstracts
Résumé
Introduction: La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux peut entraîner des conséquences négatives, notamment une réduction de l’accès aux soins, de moins bons résultats physiques et une diminution de la volonté de demander de l’aide en raison de la crainte du jugement. Les participants à des études antérieures ont rapporté avoir vécu de la stigmatisation après s’être présentés au service d’urgence (SU) pour des raisons liées à la santé mentale.
Méthodes : Cet article vise à offrir un aperçu bref et pratique des données sur la stigmatisation, en mettant l’accent sur les résultats pouvant informer directement la pratique clinique. Nous avons interrogé PubMed afin d’identifier les thèmes récurrents dans la littérature sur la stigmatisation en santé mentale. À l’aide de mots-clés liés à la stigmatisation et à la santé mentale, nous avons examiné 600 résultats pour repérer les thèmes couramment discutés dans la littérature. Le langage et la communication, les croyances stigmatisantes autour des troubles mentaux, l’engagement avec des personnes ayant une expérience vécue, ainsi que les facteurs systémiques contribuant à la stigmatisation interpersonnelle ont été identifiés comme thèmes fréquemment récurrents. Tous les articles ont été examinés, et ceux abordant au moins un des thèmes identifiés ont été lus, leurs conclusions étant compilées pour informer cette revue.
Résultats : ous formulons des recommandations quant au langage entourant la santé mentale, notamment des façons alternatives de communiquer afin d’éviter l’étiquetage et de favoriser une approche plus collaborative des soins. Nous décrivons également des données susceptibles de répondre à certaines croyances stigmatisantes concernant les troubles mentaux, incluant des informations permettant d’atténuer les perspectives pessimistes quant au pronostic des maladies. Nous présentons aussi des principes de désescalade verbale et de soins tenant compte des traumatismes, qui peuvent être intégrés dans la pratique clinique. Étant donné l’importance des enjeux systémiques dans la production de la stigmatisation, nous discutons aussi de certains facteurs systémiques contribuant à la survenue de la stigmatisation interpersonnelle au SU.
Conclusions : Les professionnels devraient être encouragés à examiner leur langage, leurs croyances et leurs compétences en lien avec les troubles mentaux afin d'améliorer leur capacité à offrir des soins de qualité aux patients. Une mobilisation visant à stimuler des changements systémiques est également nécessaire pour améliorer le système de santé.
Mots-clés :
- Stigmatisation,
- service d’urgence,
- trouble mental,
- stigmatisation structurelle,
- communication
Appendices
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