Abstracts
Abstract
Introduction: Stigmatization in mental illness can lead to negative consequences including reduced access to care, poorer physical outcomes and reduced willingness to seek help due to fear of judgment. Participants in previous studies have reported experiencing stigma following presentations to the emergency department (ED) for mental health-related reasons.
Methods: This article aims to provide a brief, practical overview of data on stigma with a focus on results that can directly inform clinical practice. We searched PubMed to identify recurring topics in the literature on mental health stigma. Using search terms related to stigma and mental health, we screened 600 results to identify commonly discussed themes across the literature. Language and communication, stigmatizing beliefs around mental disorders, engagement with individuals with lived experience, and systemic factors contributing to interpersonal stigma were identified as frequently recurring themes. All papers were screened and those addressing at least one of the identified themes were read, with findings compiled to inform this review.
Findings: We provide recommendations on language around mental health, including alternate ways of communicating to avoid labelling and foster a more collaborative approach to care. We also describe evidence that may address certain stigmatizing beliefs around mental disorders, including data to decrease pessimistic outlooks on disease prognosis. We also describe some principles around verbal de-escalation and trauma-informed care that can be incorporated into clinical practice. Given the importance of systemic issues in driving stigma, we also discuss some systemic factors contributing to the occurrence of interpersonal stigma in the ED.
Conclusions: Providers should be encouraged to examine their language, beliefs and skillsets in relation to mental illness to improve their abilities to provide quality care for patients. Advocacy aimed at stimulating systematic change is also necessary to improve the healthcare system.
Keywords:
- Stigma,
- Emergency department,
- Mental disorder,
- Structural stigma,
- Communication
Résumé
Introduction : La stigmatisation des troubles mentaux peut entraîner de nombreuses conséquences négatives, notamment une réduction de l’accès aux soins, de moins bons résultats en santé physique et une réticence à demander de l’aide par crainte d’être jugé·e. Des participant·e·s à des études antérieures ont rapporté avoir vécu de la stigmatisation après s’être présenté·e·s au service d’urgence (SU) pour des raisons liées à la santé mentale.
Méthodologie : Cet article vise à offrir un aperçu bref et pratique des données sur la stigmatisation, en mettant l’accent sur les résultats pouvant directement guider la pratique clinique. Une recherche dans PubMed a été effectuée pour repérer les thèmes récurrents dans la littérature portant sur la stigmatisation en santé mentale. À partir de mots-clés liés à la stigmatisation et aux troubles mentaux, 600 résultats ont été analysés. Les thèmes les plus fréquemment abordés incluaient : le langage et la communication, les croyances stigmatisantes à propos des troubles mentaux, l’implication de personnes ayant une expérience vécue, ainsi que les facteurs systémiques contribuant à la stigmatisation interpersonnelle. Tous les articles abordant au moins un de ces thèmes ont été lus, et les constats en ont été extraits pour alimenter cette revue.
Résultats : Nous proposons des recommandations concernant le langage à utiliser en santé mentale, notamment des façons alternatives de communiquer afin d’éviter les étiquettes et de favoriser une approche plus collaborative des soins. Nous présentons également des données susceptibles de remettre en question certaines croyances stigmatisantes, comme les perceptions pessimistes du pronostic des troubles mentaux. Des principes de désescalade verbale et de soins tenant compte des traumatismes pouvant être intégrés à la pratique clinique sont aussi abordés. Enfin, compte tenu du rôle central des enjeux systémiques dans la perpétuation de la stigmatisation, certains de ces facteurs sont discutés en lien avec leur impact sur les dynamiques interpersonnelles au SU.
Mots-clés :
- Stigmatisation,
- Service d’urgence,
- Trouble mental,
- Stigmatisation structurelle,
- Communication
Appendices
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