Abstracts
Abstract
In this article, we discuss the results of our efforts to collaboratively engage in participatory action research with children ages 10-11. Despite our best efforts to be intentional about breaking down the adult-child binary to create space for the child participants to act as co-researchers, in reflecting on the results of the project, we ultimately determined we did not achieve our intended emancipatory aim. Here, we describe the lessons we took away from this project and how they might inform future practices for working with children, as researchers, teachers, and advocates.
Keywords:
- Agency,
- Children,
- Participatory action research,
- Social media
Appendices
Bibliography
- Akom, A. A., Cammarota, J., & Ginwright, S. (2008). Youthtopias: Towards a new paradigm of critical youth studies. Youth Media Reporter, 2(4), 1–30.
- Asakura, K., Lundy, J., Black, D., & Tierney, C. (2020). Art as a transformative practice: A participatory action research project with trans* youth. Qualitative Social Work, 19(5-6), 1061-1077. https://doi-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/10.1177/1473325019881 226
- Best, S., & Kellner, D. (1991). Postmodern theory: Critical interrogation. Macmillan.
- Bettencourt, G. (2020). Embracing problems, processes, and contact zones: Using youth participatory action research to challenge adultism. Action Research, 18(2), 153-170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750318789475
- Bradwell, M. (2019). Voice, views and the UNCRC Articles 12 and 13. Journal of Early Childhood Research, 17(4), 423-433. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476718X19875780
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
- Cammarota, J., & Fine, M. (2008). Youth participatory action research: A Pedagogy for transformational resistance. In J. Cammarota & M. Fine (Eds.), Revolutionizing Education: Youth Participatory Action Research in Motion, (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
- Coppock V. (2011). Children as peer researchers: Reflections on a journey of mutual discovery. Children & Society, 25(6), 435–446. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1099-0860.2010.00296.x
- Duncan-Andrade, J. M. R., & Morrell, E. (2008). The art of critical pedagogy: Possibilities for moving from theory to practice in urban schools. Peter Lang.
- El Gemayel, S. M., & Salema, Y. (2023). Negotiating power dynamics through co-reflexivity in research with young children in disadvantaged communities. Children & Society, 37, 1596–1611. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12766
- Ergler, C. (2017). Advocating for a more relational and dynamic model of participation for child researchers. Social Inclusion, 5(3), 240-250. https://doi.org/ 10.17645/si.v5i3.966
- Fine, M., & Torre, M.E. (2006). Intimate details: Participatory action research in prison. Action Research, 4(3), 253–269. https://doi.org/10.1177/1476750306066801
- Garlen, J. C., & Hembruff, S. L. (2021). Unboxing childhood: Risk and responsibility in the age of YouTube. Journal of Childhood Studies, 46(2), 78-90. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs462202119934
- Garlen, J. C., & Hembruff, S. L. (2022). Children as ‘difference makers’: Viral discourses of childhood innocence and activism in #Blacklivesmatter. Children’s Geographies, 21(5), 929–943. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2022.2142037
- Gallacher, L. A., & Gallagher, M. (2008). Methodological immaturity in childhood research? Thinking through ‘participatory methods’. Childhood, 15(4), 499-516. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568208091672
- Gibson, K. (2001) Regional subjection and becoming, environment and planning. Society and Space, 19, 639–667.
- Graham, A., & Fitzgerald, R. (2010). Children’s participation in research: Some possibilities and constraints in the current Australian research environment. Journal of Sociology, 46(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1440783309355065
- Granic, I., Morita, H., & Scholten, H. (2020). Beyond screen time: Identity development in the digital age. Psychological Inquiry, 31(3), 195–223. https://doi.org/10.10 80/1047840X.2020.1820214
- Groundwater-Smith, S., Dockett, S., & Bottrell, D. (2015). Participatory research with children and young people. Sage.
- Hill, M. (2006). Children’s voices on ways of having a voice: Children’s and young people’s perspectives on methods used in research and consultation. Childhood, 13(1), 69–89. https://doi.org/ 10.1177/0907568206059972
- Horgan, D. (2017). Child participatory research methods: Attempts to go ‘deeper.’ Childhood, 24(2), 245–259. https://doi-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/10.1177/09075682 16647787
- Huijsmans, R. (2011). Child migration and questions of agency. Development and Change, 42(5), 1307–1321. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7660.2011.01729.x
- Jacquez F., Vaughn L., & Wagner E. (2013). Youth as partners, participants or passive recipients: A review of children and adolescents in community-based participatory research (CBPR). American Journal of Community Psychology, 51(1–2), 176–189. https://doi.org/ 10.1007/s10464-012-9533
- John, M. (2003). Children's rights and power: Charging up for a new century. Jessica Kingsley.
- Kellett, M. (2011). Empowering children and young people as researchers: Overcoming barriers and building capacity. Child Indicator Research, 4, 205–219.
- Kennelly, J., Larkins, C., & Roy, A. (2024). Doing youth participatory action research (YPAR) with Bourdieu: An invitation to reflexive (participatory) sociology. The Sociological Review, 72(3), 493-510. https://doi.org/10.1177/00380261231177585
- Kesby, M. (2005). Retheorising Empowerment-through-participation as a Performance in Space: Beyond tyranny to transformation. Signs: Journal of Feminist Theory, 30(4), 2037–2065.
- Kim, C. Y. (2017). Participation or pedagogy? Ambiguities and tensions surrounding the facilitation of children as researchers. Childhood (Copenhagen, Denmark), 24(1), 84–98. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568216643146
- Kim, J. (2019). Youth involvement in participatory action research (PAR). Critical Social Work, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.22329/csw.v17i1.5891
- Konstantoni, K., & Emejulu, A. (2016). When intersectionality met childhood studies: The dilemmas of a travelling concept. Children’s Geographies, 15(1), 6–22. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733285.2016.1249824
- Liebenberg, L., Jamal, A., & Ikeda, J. (2020). Extending youth voices in a participatory thematic analysis approach. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920934614
- Maine Youth Action Network. (2020). Youth participatory action research. MYAN. https://www.myan.org/wpcontent/uploads/2020/09/YPAR-handbook_6.12.20.pdf
- Malorni, A., Lea, C. H., Richards-Schuster, K., & Spencer, M. S. (2022). Facilitating youth participatory action research (YPAR): A scoping review of relational practice in U.S. Youth development & out-of-school time projects. Children and Youth Services Review, 136, 106399-. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.20
- Mand, K. (2012). Giving children a “voice”: Arts-based participatory research activities and representation. International Journal of Social Research Methodology, 15(2), 149–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/13645579.2012.649409
- Mandell, N. (1991). The least-adult role in studying children. In F. C. Waksler (Ed.), Studying the social worlds of children (pp. 38–59). Falmer Press.
- Mason, J., & Watson, E. (2014). Researching children: Research on, with, and by children. In A. Ben-Arieh, F. Casas, I. Drones, J. E. Korbin (Eds.), Handbook of child well-being: Theories, methods, and policies in global perspectives (pp. 2757-2796). Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9063-8
- McIntyre, A. (2000). Constructing meaning about violence, school, and community: Participatory action research with urban youth. Urban Review, 32(2), 123–154. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1005181731698
- McIntyre, A. (2008). Participatory action research. Sage Publications.
- Mirra, N., Morrell, E. D., Cain, E., Scorza, D., & Ford, A. (2013). Educating for a critical democracy: Civic participation reimagined in the council of youth research. Democracy & Education, 21(1), 1-10.
- Montreuil, M., Bogossian, A., Laberge-Perrault, E., & Racine, E. (2021). A review of approaches, strategies and ethical considerations in participatory research with children. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 20. https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920987962
- Morrow V., Richards M. (1996). The ethics of social research with children: An overview. Children & Society, 10, 90–105.
- Murray, J. (2019). Hearing young children’s voices. International Journal of Early Years Education, 27(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669760.2018.1563352
- Percy-Smith, B. (2010). Councils, consultations and community: Rethinking the spaces for children and young people’s participation. Children’s Geographies, 8(2), 107–122. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733281003691368
- Percy-Smith, B. (2015). Negotiating active citizenship: Young people’s participation in everyday spaces. In K. P. Kallio, S. Mills, & T. Skelton (Eds.), Politics, Citizenship and Rights (Vol. 7, pp. 401-422). Springer Science + Business Media Singapore Private Limited. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4585-57-6_26
- Peters, S., Gunsilius, M., Matthias, S., Evert, K., & Wildner, K. (2020). What is PABR and what is this online-resource about? Participatory Art Based Research. https://pab-research.de/what-is-pabr-and-what-is-this-online-resource-about/
- Raby, R. 2014. Children’s participation as neo-liberal governance? Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education, 35(1), 77–89. https://doi.org/10.1080 /01596306.2012.739468
- Roche, J. 1999. Children: Rights, participation and citizenship. Childhood: A Journal of Childhood Global Research, 6(4), 475–493.
- Rodríguez, L. F. and Brown, T. M. (2009). From voice to agency: Guiding principles for participatory action research with youth. New Directions for Youth Development, (123), 19-34. https://doi-org.proxy.library.carleton.ca/10.1002/yd.312
- Scorza, D., Bertrand, M., Bautista, M. A., Morrell, E., & Matthews, C. (2017). The dual pedagogy of YPAR: Teaching students and students as teachers. Review of Education, Pedagogy, and Cultural Studies, 39(2), 139–160. https://doi.org/10.1080/10714413. 2017.1296279
- Sevón, E., Mustola, M., Siippainen, A., & Vlasov, J. (2023). Participatory research methods with young children: A systematic literature review. Educational Review, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2023.2215465
- Shamrova, D. P., & Cummings, C. E. (2017). Participatory action research (PAR) with children and youth: An integrative review of methodology and PAR outcomes for participants, organizations, and communities. Children and Youth Services Review, 81, 400–412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2017.08.022
- Smith, K. (2012). Producing governable subjects: Images of childhood old and new. Childhood: A Journal of Childhood Global Research, 19(1), 24–37.
- Smith, D., Leonis, T., & Anandavalli, S. (2021). Belonging and loneliness in cyberspace: Impacts of social media on adolescents’ well-being. Australian Journal of Psychology, 73(1), 12–23. https://doi.org/10.1080/00049530.2021.1898914
- Spyrou, S. (2011). The limits of children’s voices: From authenticity to critical, reflexive representation. Childhood (Copenhagen, Denmark), 18(2), 151–165. https://doi.org/10.1177/0907568210387834
- Twenge, J. M., & Farley, E. (2021). Not all screen time is created equal: Associations with mental health vary by activity and gender. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 56(2), 207–217. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-020-01906-9
- University of California Berkeley. (2015). Youth Participatory Action Research (YPAR) Hub. UC Berkley. https://yparhub.berkeley.edu/getting-started