Abstracts
Résumé
L’expérience de soins palliatifs des adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle est bien souvent complexe et multidimensionnelle. De nombreux facteurs interagissent pour influer sur la qualité des soins qui leur sont offerts. Bien comprendre ces éléments qui s’entrecroisent apparaît crucial pour garantir le respect de leurs droits à des soins palliatifs répondant à leurs besoins et dispensés dans la dignité. Cet article porte sur les résultats d’une étude qualitative exploratoire réalisée dans le cadre d’une thèse doctorale dont le but était de décrire les facteurs en interaction influant sur la trajectoire de soins palliatifs d’adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle selon les points de vue de personnes impliquées directement ou indirectement dans leur vie. Ainsi, 27 récits rétrospectifs relatant l’expérience de fin de vie d’adultes décédés entre 2014 et 2024 ont été recueillis lors d’entretiens individuels réalisés avec 23 personnes participantes issues de divers groupes : proches, responsables d’une ressource d’hébergement, personnes intervenantes d’un organisme communautaire ou du réseau de la santé et des services sociaux et personnes clés. L’approche bioécologique adoptée a permis d’identifier plusieurs facteurs relatifs aux caractéristiques individuelles des adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle et à celles de leur réseau de soutien, aux pratiques de collaboration ainsi qu’aux spécificités du contexte québécois. Elle a aussi été utile pour exposer la manière dont ces facteurs interagissaient à travers la trajectoire de fin de vie de ces adultes. L’analyse qualitative des propos des personnes participantes met en lumière le fait que les trajectoires de soins palliatifs des adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle sont complexifiées par une implication limitée de ces personnes dans les décisions de fin de vie, un manque de coordination entre le personnel soignant, une faible reconnaissance du rôle des responsables d’hébergement ainsi qu’une réponse parfois insuffisante aux symptômes des adultes, obligeant les proches et responsables d’hébergement à insister fortement pour qu’ils soient pris au sérieux. Des facteurs organisationnels, tels que la surcharge en milieu hospitalier et la pénurie de ressources d’hébergement adaptées, nuisent également à la qualité des soins palliatifs offerts aux adultes ayant une déficience intellectuelle. Ainsi, il est recommandé de développer des formations spécifiques sur l’accompagnement de ces personnes pour les membres du personnel soignant, de les accompagner afin que le rôle des proches et des responsables d’hébergement soit mieux reconnu et de promouvoir une approche palliative intégrée. S’engager dans cette voie apparaît indispensable afin d’améliorer durablement la qualité des soins palliatifs et d’assurer que chaque adulte ayant une déficience intellectuelle puisse recevoir l’accompagnement nécessaire pour vivre ses derniers moments dans la dignité.
Mots-clés :
- Soins palliatifs,
- Fin de vie,
- Déficience intellectuelle
Abstract
The palliative care experience of adults with intellectual disabilities is often complex and multidimensional. Numerous factors interact to influence the quality of care they receive. Understanding these interconnected elements is crucial to ensuring their right to palliative care that meets their needs and is delivered with dignity. This article presents the results of an exploratory qualitative study conducted as part of a doctoral dissertation, aimed at describing the interacting factors that influence the palliative care trajectory of adults with intellectual disabilities, based on the perspectives of individuals directly or indirectly involved in their lives. Twenty-seven retrospective accounts of end-of-life experiences of adults who passed away between 2014 and 2024 were collected through individual interviews with twenty-three participants from various groups: family members, managers of residential facilities, community organization workers, healthcare and social services professionals, and key stakeholders. The bioecological approach adopted in the study made it possible to identify several factors related to the individual characteristics of adults with intellectual disabilities and those of their support networks, collaboration practices, and the specificities of the Quebec context. It also helped highlight how these various factors interacted throughout the end-of-life trajectory of these adults. The qualitative analysis of participants' accounts reveals that the palliative care trajectories of adults with intellectual disabilities are often complicated by their limited involvement in end-of-life decisions, a lack of coordination among healthcare staff, insufficient recognition of the role of residential facility managers, and, at times, inadequate responses to their symptoms, requiring family members and residential facility managers to advocate strongly for them to be taken seriously. Organizational factors, such as hospital overcrowding and a shortage of suitable residential resources, also negatively impact the quality of palliative care received by adults with intellectual disabilities. Thus, it is recommended to develop specific training on supporting individuals with intellectual disabilities for healthcare professionals, help them better recognize the role of family members and residential facility managers, and promote an integrated palliative care approach. Acting in this direction appears essential to sustainably improve the quality of palliative care and ensure that every adult with an intellectual disability can access the necessary support to live their final moments with dignity.
Keywords:
- Palliative care,
- end of life,
- intellectual disabilities
Appendices
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