Abstracts
Résumé
Au fil des dernières années, l’utilisation de l’IA dans le monde du travail s’est considérablement répandue. Or, une fracture numérique semble se dessiner, particulièrement au Québec, tel que soulevé par plusieurs rapports concernant l’intégration de l’IA au sein de secteurs d’activité économique critiques à la transformation numérique québécoise, publiés par le ministère de l’Économie, de l’Innovation et de l’Énergie. Dans ce contexte, il paraît essentiel de déterminer la nature précise des technologies d’IA réellement intégrées dans ces secteurs, mais également les besoins en compétences issus de ces technologies et les implications pour la formation du personnel. L’objectif de cet article est de recenser les usages actuels de l’IA au sein de secteurs d’activité critiques à l’intégration de l’IA, définis par le gouvernement du Québec en 2024, et de soulever les compétences attendues et les besoins en formation pour le personnel professionnel de ces secteurs. Par le biais d’une recension narrative, différents usages de l’IA employés dans les secteurs manufacturier, du commerce de détail, du transport et de l’entreposage ainsi que des services professionnels, sont présentés. Ensuite, une analyse émergente identifie plusieurs compétences numériques, personnelles, méthodologiques et interpersonnelles relatives aux usages décrits dans chaque secteur d’activité économique. Les besoins en termes d’encadrement de la formation pour ces secteurs d’activité québécois sont enfin soulevés. Cet article permet de brosser un portrait à jour des usages effectifs de l’IA dans les secteurs susmentionnés et d’identifier des compétences critiques et orientations pour les besoins en formation dont l’industrie 4.0 québécoise pourra profiter.
Mots-clés :
- Synthèse des connaissances,
- industrie 4.0,
- intelligence articifielle,
- usages actuels,
- compétences
Abstract
Over the past few years, the use of AI in the workplace has become widespread. However, a digital divide appears to be emerging, particularly in Quebec, as highlighted by several reports published by the « Ministère de l’Économie, de l’Innovation et de l’Énergie » regarding the integration of AI in economic sectors critical to Quebec's digital transformation. In this context, it seems essential to determine the exact nature of the AI technologies actually integrated into these sectors, as well as the skills arising from these technologies and the entailments for staff training. The objective of this article is to identify current uses of AI in sectors critical to AI integration, as defined by the government of Quebec in 2024, and to highlight the expected skills and training needs for professional staff in these sectors. Through a narrative review, various uses of AI in the manufacturing, retail trade, transportation and warehousing, and professional services sectors are presented. An emergent analysis then discusses the digital, personal, methodological, and interpersonal skills related to the uses described in each economic activity sector. Finally, the training needs for these Quebec sectors are addressed. This article provides an up-to-date overview of the actual uses of AI in the aforementioned sectors and identifies critical skills and training priorities that Quebec's Industry 4.0 can benefit from.
Keywords:
- Knowledge synthesis,
- Industry 4.0,
- artificial intelligence,
- current uses,
- skills
Appendices
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